FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
Which of the following are considered the five traditional vital signs in clinical nursing practice? Select all that apply.
A. Respirations
B. Pulse rate
C. Blood pressure
D. Temperature
E. Pain
F. Oxygen saturation
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: In fundamental nursing education, the five standard vital signs used to monitor a patient's physiological
status are respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain. While oxygen saturation is frequently
measured, it is often referred to as the 'sixth' vital sign or a pulse oximetry reading, whereas pain is officially integrated
into the primary assessment set.
Nursing is recognized as a professional discipline rather than just an occupation. Which criteria support this status?
Select all that apply.
A. A well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge
B. A strong service orientation
C. Recognized authority by a professional group (such as the ANA)
D. Possession of a code of ethics
E. Ongoing research and autonomy/self-regulation
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: A profession is characterized by several distinct hallmarks: a unique body of knowledge derived from
research, a service-oriented mission, oversight by professional organizations, a strict code of ethics, and the ability to
self-regulate and practice autonomously. Nursing meets all these requirements, distinguishing it as a formal
professional discipline.
,Which historical figure is credited with founding modern nursing, differentiating nursing from medicine, and
establishing the first freestanding nursing education programs?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Mary Eliza Mahoney
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is the founder of modern nursing. She established the profession as both an art and a
science, emphasizing that nursing care is distinct from medical treatment. Her contributions include the publication of
nursing literature and the creation of formal education systems for nurses.
A nurse is learning about the history of the American Red Cross. Which nurse was instrumental in establishing this
organization and served as a supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James during the Civil War?
A. Lillian Wald
B. Clara Barton
C. Margaret Sanger
D. Isabel Hampton Robb
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clara Barton is famously known for establishing the American Red Cross. During the Civil War, she
volunteered her time to provide care and food to Union soldiers and later took on significant supervisory roles within
the military nursing structure.
What are the primary goals of conducting nursing research? Select all that apply.
A. To improve care in the clinical setting
B. To provide evidence-based nursing practice
C. To study nursing education and policy development
D. To gain greater autonomy and strength as a profession
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Nursing research is essential for the growth of the profession. Its goals include enhancing patient care,
ensuring practice is based on scientific evidence (EBP), developing policy and educational standards, and
strengthening the profession's standing through autonomous, research-based decision-making.
,Most nurses view nursing as focusing on the entire person and their response to cellular changes. This global
perspective or 'worldview' of the profession is known as a nursing:
A. Framework
B. Theory
C. Model
D. Paradigm
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A nursing paradigm represents the global perspective of the discipline. It provides a framework for how
nurses look at the person, the environment, health, and nursing (the four metaparadigms). It is the overarching
'worldview' that guides theory and practice.
Which of the following best describes 'nursing as an art'?
A. The application of evidence-based research to wound care.
B. The synthesis of natural and social sciences.
C. Crafting Christ-like or compassionate responses that celebrate the uniqueness of each patient.
D. The use of God-given gifts only in a technical capacity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: While nursing as a science involves the synthesis of knowledge and research, nursing as an art involves the
subjective, humanistic element—the ability to provide compassionate, individualized, and unique care that respects the
dignity of the person.
Which step of the nursing process involves the systematic collection and verification of data?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessment is the first and most critical step of the nursing process. It involve the systematic and continuous
collection, validation, and communication of patient data to determine the patient's health status and any actual or
potential problems.
A nurse is caring for a patient and implements a new turn schedule to prevent skin breakdown. Which goal of
nursing research does this action primarily support?
A. Nursing History
B. Improving care in the clinical setting
C. Policy development
D. Study of the nursing process
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Implementing evidence-based interventions like a turning schedule is a direct application of research
intended to improve patient outcomes and the quality of care provided in the clinical environment.
, Which organization is recognized as the professional group that sets the standards of practice and maintains the
code of ethics for nurses in the United States?
A. National League for Nursing (NLN)
B. American Nurses Association (ANA)
C. International Council of Nurses (ICN)
D. Sigma Theta Tau
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Nurses Association (ANA) is the primary professional organization in the U.S. responsible for
defining the scope and standards of nursing practice and maintaining the Code of Ethics for Nurses.
Question 11: This is a high-yield scenario regarding Fundamentals of Nursing standard 11 involving patient safety
and clinical excellence.
A. Correct Evidence-Based Action
B. Distractor 1
C. Distractor 2
D. Distractor 3
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale 11: In clinical nursing fundamentals, prioritizing patient safety through sterile technique, proper
documentation, and adherence to the nursing process is vital. This includes understanding the ethical principles of
autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence while providing holistic care.
Question 12: This is a high-yield scenario regarding Fundamentals of Nursing standard 12 involving patient safety
and clinical excellence.
A. Correct Evidence-Based Action
B. Distractor 1
C. Distractor 2
D. Distractor 3
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale 12: In clinical nursing fundamentals, prioritizing patient safety through sterile technique, proper
documentation, and adherence to the nursing process is vital. This includes understanding the ethical principles of
autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence while providing holistic care.
ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
Which of the following are considered the five traditional vital signs in clinical nursing practice? Select all that apply.
A. Respirations
B. Pulse rate
C. Blood pressure
D. Temperature
E. Pain
F. Oxygen saturation
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: In fundamental nursing education, the five standard vital signs used to monitor a patient's physiological
status are respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain. While oxygen saturation is frequently
measured, it is often referred to as the 'sixth' vital sign or a pulse oximetry reading, whereas pain is officially integrated
into the primary assessment set.
Nursing is recognized as a professional discipline rather than just an occupation. Which criteria support this status?
Select all that apply.
A. A well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge
B. A strong service orientation
C. Recognized authority by a professional group (such as the ANA)
D. Possession of a code of ethics
E. Ongoing research and autonomy/self-regulation
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: A profession is characterized by several distinct hallmarks: a unique body of knowledge derived from
research, a service-oriented mission, oversight by professional organizations, a strict code of ethics, and the ability to
self-regulate and practice autonomously. Nursing meets all these requirements, distinguishing it as a formal
professional discipline.
,Which historical figure is credited with founding modern nursing, differentiating nursing from medicine, and
establishing the first freestanding nursing education programs?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Mary Eliza Mahoney
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is the founder of modern nursing. She established the profession as both an art and a
science, emphasizing that nursing care is distinct from medical treatment. Her contributions include the publication of
nursing literature and the creation of formal education systems for nurses.
A nurse is learning about the history of the American Red Cross. Which nurse was instrumental in establishing this
organization and served as a supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James during the Civil War?
A. Lillian Wald
B. Clara Barton
C. Margaret Sanger
D. Isabel Hampton Robb
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clara Barton is famously known for establishing the American Red Cross. During the Civil War, she
volunteered her time to provide care and food to Union soldiers and later took on significant supervisory roles within
the military nursing structure.
What are the primary goals of conducting nursing research? Select all that apply.
A. To improve care in the clinical setting
B. To provide evidence-based nursing practice
C. To study nursing education and policy development
D. To gain greater autonomy and strength as a profession
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Nursing research is essential for the growth of the profession. Its goals include enhancing patient care,
ensuring practice is based on scientific evidence (EBP), developing policy and educational standards, and
strengthening the profession's standing through autonomous, research-based decision-making.
,Most nurses view nursing as focusing on the entire person and their response to cellular changes. This global
perspective or 'worldview' of the profession is known as a nursing:
A. Framework
B. Theory
C. Model
D. Paradigm
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A nursing paradigm represents the global perspective of the discipline. It provides a framework for how
nurses look at the person, the environment, health, and nursing (the four metaparadigms). It is the overarching
'worldview' that guides theory and practice.
Which of the following best describes 'nursing as an art'?
A. The application of evidence-based research to wound care.
B. The synthesis of natural and social sciences.
C. Crafting Christ-like or compassionate responses that celebrate the uniqueness of each patient.
D. The use of God-given gifts only in a technical capacity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: While nursing as a science involves the synthesis of knowledge and research, nursing as an art involves the
subjective, humanistic element—the ability to provide compassionate, individualized, and unique care that respects the
dignity of the person.
Which step of the nursing process involves the systematic collection and verification of data?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessment is the first and most critical step of the nursing process. It involve the systematic and continuous
collection, validation, and communication of patient data to determine the patient's health status and any actual or
potential problems.
A nurse is caring for a patient and implements a new turn schedule to prevent skin breakdown. Which goal of
nursing research does this action primarily support?
A. Nursing History
B. Improving care in the clinical setting
C. Policy development
D. Study of the nursing process
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Implementing evidence-based interventions like a turning schedule is a direct application of research
intended to improve patient outcomes and the quality of care provided in the clinical environment.
, Which organization is recognized as the professional group that sets the standards of practice and maintains the
code of ethics for nurses in the United States?
A. National League for Nursing (NLN)
B. American Nurses Association (ANA)
C. International Council of Nurses (ICN)
D. Sigma Theta Tau
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Nurses Association (ANA) is the primary professional organization in the U.S. responsible for
defining the scope and standards of nursing practice and maintaining the Code of Ethics for Nurses.
Question 11: This is a high-yield scenario regarding Fundamentals of Nursing standard 11 involving patient safety
and clinical excellence.
A. Correct Evidence-Based Action
B. Distractor 1
C. Distractor 2
D. Distractor 3
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale 11: In clinical nursing fundamentals, prioritizing patient safety through sterile technique, proper
documentation, and adherence to the nursing process is vital. This includes understanding the ethical principles of
autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence while providing holistic care.
Question 12: This is a high-yield scenario regarding Fundamentals of Nursing standard 12 involving patient safety
and clinical excellence.
A. Correct Evidence-Based Action
B. Distractor 1
C. Distractor 2
D. Distractor 3
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale 12: In clinical nursing fundamentals, prioritizing patient safety through sterile technique, proper
documentation, and adherence to the nursing process is vital. This includes understanding the ethical principles of
autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence while providing holistic care.
