HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Questions and
Answers (2026) | Full Test Bank with Verified
Solutions | Grade A+
• What is histology? -✓✓The study of tissues
• What is a tissue? -✓✓A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
• What are the fundamental tissues? -✓✓Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
• What is the function of epithelial cells? -✓✓Cover, line, and protect the body and the
internal organs.
• What is the function of connective tissue? -✓✓Framework of the body. Provides
support and structure to organs.
• What is neuroglia? -✓✓The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose nerve
tissue.
• What ability does muscle tissue have? -✓✓Ability to contract and shorten.
• What is muscle tissue classified as? -✓✓Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and
involuntary(smooth & cardiac)
• What is meiosis? -✓✓The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the ovaries
and testes.
• What two layers compose the skin? -✓✓Epidermis and dermis.
• What is the epidermis? -✓✓The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized
epithelial cells.
• What is the dermis? -✓✓The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels,
nerve endings, and the associated skin tissues.
• What are the layers of the epidermis? -✓✓Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
, Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
• What does the protein pigment melanin protect against? -✓✓Radiation from the Sun
• What is the dermis composed of? -✓✓Fibrous connective tissue with nerve endings,
blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
• What are the 2 types of sweat glands? -✓✓ecrine & apocrine
• What do ecrine sweat glands produce? -✓✓Sweat. Regulate body temperature.
• What do apocrine sweat glands produce? -✓✓Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm
from cells, attracting bacteria that produces body odor.
• What do sebaceous glands secrete? -✓✓They secrete sebum through the hair
follicles, which lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
• What secretion produces oil? -✓✓Holocrine secretion.
• What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence? -✓✓Becoming clogged and
attracting bacteria.
• What protein composes the hair and skin? -✓✓Keratin
• What makes the body's framework? -✓✓Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
• What are the functions of the skeletal system? -✓✓Support, movement, blood cell
formation, protection of internal organs, detoxification, muscle attachment, mineral
storage. *A MIME BATHED SEALS SINGING "MY PONY"*
• How are bones classified? -✓✓By shape.
Long
Short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
*LEMURS SING SALSA FOR INDIANS*
• What is the name for the cells that compose compact bone? -✓✓Osteoblasts
• What occurs to osteoblasts when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix? -
✓✓They stop dividing but continue to maintain body tissues as osteocytes.
Answers (2026) | Full Test Bank with Verified
Solutions | Grade A+
• What is histology? -✓✓The study of tissues
• What is a tissue? -✓✓A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
• What are the fundamental tissues? -✓✓Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
• What is the function of epithelial cells? -✓✓Cover, line, and protect the body and the
internal organs.
• What is the function of connective tissue? -✓✓Framework of the body. Provides
support and structure to organs.
• What is neuroglia? -✓✓The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose nerve
tissue.
• What ability does muscle tissue have? -✓✓Ability to contract and shorten.
• What is muscle tissue classified as? -✓✓Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and
involuntary(smooth & cardiac)
• What is meiosis? -✓✓The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the ovaries
and testes.
• What two layers compose the skin? -✓✓Epidermis and dermis.
• What is the epidermis? -✓✓The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized
epithelial cells.
• What is the dermis? -✓✓The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels,
nerve endings, and the associated skin tissues.
• What are the layers of the epidermis? -✓✓Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
, Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
• What does the protein pigment melanin protect against? -✓✓Radiation from the Sun
• What is the dermis composed of? -✓✓Fibrous connective tissue with nerve endings,
blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
• What are the 2 types of sweat glands? -✓✓ecrine & apocrine
• What do ecrine sweat glands produce? -✓✓Sweat. Regulate body temperature.
• What do apocrine sweat glands produce? -✓✓Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm
from cells, attracting bacteria that produces body odor.
• What do sebaceous glands secrete? -✓✓They secrete sebum through the hair
follicles, which lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
• What secretion produces oil? -✓✓Holocrine secretion.
• What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence? -✓✓Becoming clogged and
attracting bacteria.
• What protein composes the hair and skin? -✓✓Keratin
• What makes the body's framework? -✓✓Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
• What are the functions of the skeletal system? -✓✓Support, movement, blood cell
formation, protection of internal organs, detoxification, muscle attachment, mineral
storage. *A MIME BATHED SEALS SINGING "MY PONY"*
• How are bones classified? -✓✓By shape.
Long
Short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
*LEMURS SING SALSA FOR INDIANS*
• What is the name for the cells that compose compact bone? -✓✓Osteoblasts
• What occurs to osteoblasts when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix? -
✓✓They stop dividing but continue to maintain body tissues as osteocytes.
