HCR 240 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 180 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS| 2026 LATEST UPDATED|
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1. Cobblestone Crohn's disease often has this type of appearance, which is due to
thickening of
the epithelial wall.
2. Helicobacter Py- A bacterium that often is found in patients with GERD and stomach
ulcers lori
3. Ascites A sign or symptom of liver disease where fluid buildups in abdomen
4. Osteopenia Thinning of the trabecular matrix that occurs right before onset of
osteoporosis
5. Gastroparesis Delayed stomach opening that can cause GERD
6. Rheumatology Study of disease/or inflammation of bones and joints
, 7. Steatorrhea Loss of fat in stools, sign of celiac disease
8. Staphylococcus The bacteria that often causes osteomyelitis aureus
9. Sigmoid Volvulus disease where the large intestine is twisting
10. Degenerative Disc The diseases where discs between vertebrae become compressed or
misaligned
Diseases
11. Cholelithiasis Gallbladder is producing gallstones
12. Erythema Mi- Another name for a bull's eye rash of Lyme Disease grans
13. Hematochezia Blood in stool from hemorrhoids
14. arthritis inflammation of a joint
,15. Melena black, tarry stool that comes from bleeding in your upper gastrointestinal
(GI) tract
16. acute cholecysti- Infection of gallbladder leading to purulent effusion tis
17. two type of Heberdens node: inflammation of the distal interpalangeal joint. swelling
that can occur in os- Bouchard's nodes: inflammation of the proximal interphalangeal joint.
teoarthritis
18. Risk factors of os- Increased mortality risk w/ hip fractures teoporosis Risk of mortality
is 2.8 to 4 times higher amongst hip fracture patients 3 months after fracture, and nearly 1 in 4
fracture patients die within 12 months after fracture.
19. How can a joint be Through injection, direct contact with infected neighboring tissue,
and infected? Name hematogenous or lymphogenous spread. two routes of infection that can
occur.
, 20. Process of how High levels in the blood, deposits of crystals accumulate in the joints
cause = uric acid crystals gout.
affect regions of Accumulation of crystals in the joints cause flare-ups of inflammation in/around the
body due to joints. hyperglycemia
21. Name the three inguinal - most common types of hernia
that can be found. reducible - returned to normal position after manual pressure
How are they dif-
ferent? incarceration - loop of intestine trapped within muscle fibers
strangulation - blood supply is compromised by pressure
22.
What is the dif- Crohn's disease: IBD that can affect the entire GI tract, skip lesions, cobblestone
ference between appearance, toxic megacolon
Celiac Disease,
Crohn's Disease UC: IBD that only involves the large intestine, begins at rectum and moves and
Ulcerative upward, psuedopolyps
Colitis?
GET A+
1. Cobblestone Crohn's disease often has this type of appearance, which is due to
thickening of
the epithelial wall.
2. Helicobacter Py- A bacterium that often is found in patients with GERD and stomach
ulcers lori
3. Ascites A sign or symptom of liver disease where fluid buildups in abdomen
4. Osteopenia Thinning of the trabecular matrix that occurs right before onset of
osteoporosis
5. Gastroparesis Delayed stomach opening that can cause GERD
6. Rheumatology Study of disease/or inflammation of bones and joints
, 7. Steatorrhea Loss of fat in stools, sign of celiac disease
8. Staphylococcus The bacteria that often causes osteomyelitis aureus
9. Sigmoid Volvulus disease where the large intestine is twisting
10. Degenerative Disc The diseases where discs between vertebrae become compressed or
misaligned
Diseases
11. Cholelithiasis Gallbladder is producing gallstones
12. Erythema Mi- Another name for a bull's eye rash of Lyme Disease grans
13. Hematochezia Blood in stool from hemorrhoids
14. arthritis inflammation of a joint
,15. Melena black, tarry stool that comes from bleeding in your upper gastrointestinal
(GI) tract
16. acute cholecysti- Infection of gallbladder leading to purulent effusion tis
17. two type of Heberdens node: inflammation of the distal interpalangeal joint. swelling
that can occur in os- Bouchard's nodes: inflammation of the proximal interphalangeal joint.
teoarthritis
18. Risk factors of os- Increased mortality risk w/ hip fractures teoporosis Risk of mortality
is 2.8 to 4 times higher amongst hip fracture patients 3 months after fracture, and nearly 1 in 4
fracture patients die within 12 months after fracture.
19. How can a joint be Through injection, direct contact with infected neighboring tissue,
and infected? Name hematogenous or lymphogenous spread. two routes of infection that can
occur.
, 20. Process of how High levels in the blood, deposits of crystals accumulate in the joints
cause = uric acid crystals gout.
affect regions of Accumulation of crystals in the joints cause flare-ups of inflammation in/around the
body due to joints. hyperglycemia
21. Name the three inguinal - most common types of hernia
that can be found. reducible - returned to normal position after manual pressure
How are they dif-
ferent? incarceration - loop of intestine trapped within muscle fibers
strangulation - blood supply is compromised by pressure
22.
What is the dif- Crohn's disease: IBD that can affect the entire GI tract, skip lesions, cobblestone
ference between appearance, toxic megacolon
Celiac Disease,
Crohn's Disease UC: IBD that only involves the large intestine, begins at rectum and moves and
Ulcerative upward, psuedopolyps
Colitis?
