Chapters 1-12 AP Biology Exam
Biology is the study of _____. - ✅✅-life
There are a number of properties that all organisms share. In humans,
✅✅
exposure to ultraviolet light can result in a darkening of the skin. What kind
of property is this? - -response to the environment
✅✅
What is the scientific term for a group of interacting individuals of the same
type, living in the same area at the same time? - -population
Which series of terms is in the sequence of biological organization from the
simplest to the most complex?
A. community, population, ecosystem, habitat
B. organism, ecosystem, community, population
✅✅
C. molecule, tissue, cell, membrane
D. cell, tissue, organ, population - -D. cell, tissue, organ, population
Which of the following is true with regard to the relationship between
ecosystems and communities?
A. Ecosystems include the nonliving components of an environment;
communities include only the living components of an environment.
B. An ecosystem is a part of a community.
C. Ecosystems exclude the living components of an environment;
communities include the living components of an environment.
✅✅
D. Soil is an ecosystem component; water is a community component. -
-A. Ecosystems include the nonliving components of an environment;
communities include only the living components of an environment.
Tissues are composed of _____. - ✅✅-cells
✅✅
The chemical energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth
ultimately comes from _____. - -the sun
All cells have _____. - ✅✅-a cell membrane
At which level of interaction does life first appear? - ✅✅-cell
Plants obtain their energy from _____. - ✅✅-light
What would happen if an ecosystem lacked decomposers? - ✅✅-The
ecosystem would stop functioning.
Energy is incorporated into most ecosystems by _____. - ✅✅-plants
✅✅
What is the molecular commonality that is the basis of life's variety? -
-DNA
, ✅✅
Actinosphenia elegans is a unicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotic organism.
To which domain does it belong? - -Eukarya
Typically, in which environment might we find archaea? - ✅✅-Arctic
✅✅
(The photo contains unicellular, multicellular, and photosynthetic protists.) -
-Protista
✅✅
In which kingdom can multicellular photosynthetic organisms be found? -
-Plantae
✅✅
Protists can be distinguished from the plants and fungi because _____. -
-protists are eukaryotic and include both unicellular organisms and
multicellular algae
✅✅
Which group within the domain Eukarya represents organisms that are
generally single-celled? - -Protista
✅✅
Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb the
nutrients are generally found in which kingdom? - -Fungi
Humans are members of the _____. (domain) - ✅✅-domain Eukarya
Humans are members of the _____. (kingdom) - ✅✅-kingdom Animalia
(Diagram with the beetles. 1st picture shows multiple beetles both black
and white. 2nd diagram shows a bird eating the white beetles. 3rd diagram
✅✅
shows the black beetles that survived). In the figure, what leads directly to
the reproductive success of these beetles? - -The beetles with traits
best suited to the environment survive.
✅✅
Natural selection tends to act at which of the following levels? -
-population
✅✅
A pesticide kills 95% of a pest population. What will be the result of the
continued application of this pesticide? - -Through time, the pesticide
will become less effective at killing the pest.
Natural selection requires _____. - ✅✅-both heritable variation and
differential reproductive success
✅✅
What was Darwin's major contribution to understanding the mechanism of
evolution? - -He proposed the theory of natural selection.
,A theory is _____. - ✅✅-a well-supported concept that has broad
explanatory power
Which of the following statements is most clearly inductively derived?
A. If any animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it
can be concluded that all animals require organic molecules as nutrients.
B. If all flying animals are birds, then bats are birds.
✅✅
C. Because worms lack bones, they are classified as invertebrates.
D. An elephant is warm-blooded because it is a mammal. - -A. If any
animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it can be
concluded that all animals require organic molecules as nutrients.
✅✅
At which point is an investigator most likely to use deductive reasoning? -
-in establishing a test of a hypothesis
Science itself is capable of _____. - ✅✅-determining the physical causes
for physical phenomena
Inductive reasoning is based on _____. - ✅✅-observation
Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?
A. My excessive urination may mean that I have high blood pressure.
B. For the last three months, I have had problems with excessive urination.
C. Researchers have observed that high blood pressure is often
associated with excessive urination.
✅✅
D. My father's problem with excessive urination was alleviated when he
took medicine for high blood pressure. - -A. My excessive urination
may mean that I have high blood pressure.
Radon is a radioactive gas that seeps into homes from the soil. It is thought
to be a leading cause of lung cancer. A research team investigates this
theory. They gather large amounts of data on basement radon
concentrations and lung cancer rates and conclude that the more radon
there is, the more likely lung cancer is. After the study is published, other
researchers criticize it by asserting that the studied neighborhoods with
higher radon concentrations also have a higher percentage of old people
and a higher percentage of cigarette smokers than the low-radon
neighborhoods. Both advanced age and cigarette smoking increase the risk
✅✅
of lung cancer. This criticism, if correct, shows that the radon study suffered
from _____. - -uncontrolled variables
✅✅
Experimentation is only one part of the scientific process, but it is a very
important step because it _____. - -allows rejection of some
alternative hypotheses
, Two garden plots were planted with corn. The soil was similar in each, and
equal amounts of water were applied to each plot. One plot was fertilized,
the other was not. The experimenters measured the yield as bushels of
✅✅
corn from each plot. The plot that did not receive the fertilizer was the
_____. - -control plot
✅✅
A hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically valid. Being testable
means that _____. - -some conceivable observation could prove the
hypothesis incorrect
A company was testing a new drug they thought would help decrease the
risk of transmitting viruses from mother to fetus. In an experiment to test
the compound, a worker gave 400 pregnant female rats a small dose of the
experimental drug and inoculated each with a type of virus known to cause
disease in rats. An additional 400 pregnant rats were given only the virus.
Of the rat pups born to the females that received both the virus and the
drug, 203 showed no symptoms of the disease; 207 rat pups born to
✅✅
virus-only females showed symptoms. From this test, we can best conclude
_____. - -that the drug seems to have little effect on viral transmission
at the dosage given
_____ is to science as _____ is to engineering. - ✅✅-Discovery ...
invention
An increase in antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis bacteria is proving to be a
✅✅
problem in treating this disease. This could be due to _____. -
-evolution
✅✅
To understand biology, we need to understand chemistry. Why? -
-Chemicals are fundamental to the structure and function of all living
things.
✅✅
As of 2010, there are 118 known elements. Of those, how many are
believed to be essential to human biology? - -about 25
The most abundant compound on Earth is _____. - ✅✅-water
✅✅
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary
chemical procedures is known as a(n) _____. - -atom
Which of the following statements is true about compounds?
-They contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio to each other.
-They are composed of atoms joined together by covalent bonds.
-They have polarity.
✅✅
-They may be composed of two or more atoms of the same element. -
-They contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio to each other.
Biology is the study of _____. - ✅✅-life
There are a number of properties that all organisms share. In humans,
✅✅
exposure to ultraviolet light can result in a darkening of the skin. What kind
of property is this? - -response to the environment
✅✅
What is the scientific term for a group of interacting individuals of the same
type, living in the same area at the same time? - -population
Which series of terms is in the sequence of biological organization from the
simplest to the most complex?
A. community, population, ecosystem, habitat
B. organism, ecosystem, community, population
✅✅
C. molecule, tissue, cell, membrane
D. cell, tissue, organ, population - -D. cell, tissue, organ, population
Which of the following is true with regard to the relationship between
ecosystems and communities?
A. Ecosystems include the nonliving components of an environment;
communities include only the living components of an environment.
B. An ecosystem is a part of a community.
C. Ecosystems exclude the living components of an environment;
communities include the living components of an environment.
✅✅
D. Soil is an ecosystem component; water is a community component. -
-A. Ecosystems include the nonliving components of an environment;
communities include only the living components of an environment.
Tissues are composed of _____. - ✅✅-cells
✅✅
The chemical energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth
ultimately comes from _____. - -the sun
All cells have _____. - ✅✅-a cell membrane
At which level of interaction does life first appear? - ✅✅-cell
Plants obtain their energy from _____. - ✅✅-light
What would happen if an ecosystem lacked decomposers? - ✅✅-The
ecosystem would stop functioning.
Energy is incorporated into most ecosystems by _____. - ✅✅-plants
✅✅
What is the molecular commonality that is the basis of life's variety? -
-DNA
, ✅✅
Actinosphenia elegans is a unicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotic organism.
To which domain does it belong? - -Eukarya
Typically, in which environment might we find archaea? - ✅✅-Arctic
✅✅
(The photo contains unicellular, multicellular, and photosynthetic protists.) -
-Protista
✅✅
In which kingdom can multicellular photosynthetic organisms be found? -
-Plantae
✅✅
Protists can be distinguished from the plants and fungi because _____. -
-protists are eukaryotic and include both unicellular organisms and
multicellular algae
✅✅
Which group within the domain Eukarya represents organisms that are
generally single-celled? - -Protista
✅✅
Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb the
nutrients are generally found in which kingdom? - -Fungi
Humans are members of the _____. (domain) - ✅✅-domain Eukarya
Humans are members of the _____. (kingdom) - ✅✅-kingdom Animalia
(Diagram with the beetles. 1st picture shows multiple beetles both black
and white. 2nd diagram shows a bird eating the white beetles. 3rd diagram
✅✅
shows the black beetles that survived). In the figure, what leads directly to
the reproductive success of these beetles? - -The beetles with traits
best suited to the environment survive.
✅✅
Natural selection tends to act at which of the following levels? -
-population
✅✅
A pesticide kills 95% of a pest population. What will be the result of the
continued application of this pesticide? - -Through time, the pesticide
will become less effective at killing the pest.
Natural selection requires _____. - ✅✅-both heritable variation and
differential reproductive success
✅✅
What was Darwin's major contribution to understanding the mechanism of
evolution? - -He proposed the theory of natural selection.
,A theory is _____. - ✅✅-a well-supported concept that has broad
explanatory power
Which of the following statements is most clearly inductively derived?
A. If any animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it
can be concluded that all animals require organic molecules as nutrients.
B. If all flying animals are birds, then bats are birds.
✅✅
C. Because worms lack bones, they are classified as invertebrates.
D. An elephant is warm-blooded because it is a mammal. - -A. If any
animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it can be
concluded that all animals require organic molecules as nutrients.
✅✅
At which point is an investigator most likely to use deductive reasoning? -
-in establishing a test of a hypothesis
Science itself is capable of _____. - ✅✅-determining the physical causes
for physical phenomena
Inductive reasoning is based on _____. - ✅✅-observation
Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?
A. My excessive urination may mean that I have high blood pressure.
B. For the last three months, I have had problems with excessive urination.
C. Researchers have observed that high blood pressure is often
associated with excessive urination.
✅✅
D. My father's problem with excessive urination was alleviated when he
took medicine for high blood pressure. - -A. My excessive urination
may mean that I have high blood pressure.
Radon is a radioactive gas that seeps into homes from the soil. It is thought
to be a leading cause of lung cancer. A research team investigates this
theory. They gather large amounts of data on basement radon
concentrations and lung cancer rates and conclude that the more radon
there is, the more likely lung cancer is. After the study is published, other
researchers criticize it by asserting that the studied neighborhoods with
higher radon concentrations also have a higher percentage of old people
and a higher percentage of cigarette smokers than the low-radon
neighborhoods. Both advanced age and cigarette smoking increase the risk
✅✅
of lung cancer. This criticism, if correct, shows that the radon study suffered
from _____. - -uncontrolled variables
✅✅
Experimentation is only one part of the scientific process, but it is a very
important step because it _____. - -allows rejection of some
alternative hypotheses
, Two garden plots were planted with corn. The soil was similar in each, and
equal amounts of water were applied to each plot. One plot was fertilized,
the other was not. The experimenters measured the yield as bushels of
✅✅
corn from each plot. The plot that did not receive the fertilizer was the
_____. - -control plot
✅✅
A hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically valid. Being testable
means that _____. - -some conceivable observation could prove the
hypothesis incorrect
A company was testing a new drug they thought would help decrease the
risk of transmitting viruses from mother to fetus. In an experiment to test
the compound, a worker gave 400 pregnant female rats a small dose of the
experimental drug and inoculated each with a type of virus known to cause
disease in rats. An additional 400 pregnant rats were given only the virus.
Of the rat pups born to the females that received both the virus and the
drug, 203 showed no symptoms of the disease; 207 rat pups born to
✅✅
virus-only females showed symptoms. From this test, we can best conclude
_____. - -that the drug seems to have little effect on viral transmission
at the dosage given
_____ is to science as _____ is to engineering. - ✅✅-Discovery ...
invention
An increase in antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis bacteria is proving to be a
✅✅
problem in treating this disease. This could be due to _____. -
-evolution
✅✅
To understand biology, we need to understand chemistry. Why? -
-Chemicals are fundamental to the structure and function of all living
things.
✅✅
As of 2010, there are 118 known elements. Of those, how many are
believed to be essential to human biology? - -about 25
The most abundant compound on Earth is _____. - ✅✅-water
✅✅
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary
chemical procedures is known as a(n) _____. - -atom
Which of the following statements is true about compounds?
-They contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio to each other.
-They are composed of atoms joined together by covalent bonds.
-They have polarity.
✅✅
-They may be composed of two or more atoms of the same element. -
-They contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio to each other.
