RN ATI MedSuRg exAM AcTuAl exAM 2026/2027 – coMpleTe exAM-
STyle QueSTIoNS wITh deTAIled RATIoNAleS | 100% VeRIfIed – pASS
guARANTeed – A+ gRAded
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who reports sudden onset of dyspnea and cough with
pink, frothy sputum. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Place the client in high-Fowler’s position
B. Administer furosemide IV push
C. Apply oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min
D. Notify the healthcare provider
Answer: A. Place the client in high-Fowler’s position
Rationale: The client is exhibiting signs of acute pulmonary edema. The priority nursing action is to
position the client in high-Fowler’s position to decrease venous return and reduce pulmonary
congestion. Oxygen administration and diuretics are important but follow positioning. Notifying the
provider occurs after immediate interventions.
Question 2
A nurse is monitoring a client receiving a blood transfusion. Which finding indicates a hemolytic
transfusion reaction?
A. Urticaria and pruritus
B. Fever and chills
C. Low back pain and hypotension
D. Wheezing and stridor
Answer: C. Low back pain and hypotension
, Rationale: Hemolytic transfusion reactions occur due to ABO incompatibility. Manifestations include low
back pain, hypotension, tachycardia, hemoglobinuria, and renal failure. Urticaria indicates an allergic
reaction. Fever and chills may indicate febrile reaction. Wheezing suggests anaphylaxis.
Question 3
A nurse is teaching a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) about pursed-lip
breathing. What is the primary purpose of this technique?
A. Increase oxygen intake
B. Decrease carbon dioxide retention
C. Keep airways open during exhalation
D. Reduce risk of pneumonia
Answer: C. Keep airways open during exhalation
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing creates backpressure in the airways, preventing premature collapse of
alveoli and small airways during exhalation. This improves ventilation and reduces air trapping. It does
not directly increase oxygen intake or decrease pneumonia risk.
Question 4
A nurse is caring for a client after a total hip arthroplasty. Which action is most important to prevent
dislocation of the new hip joint?
A. Place a pillow between the client’s legs when turning
B. Keep the hip flexed at 90 degrees when sitting
C. Encourage crossing legs at the ankles only
D. Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees
Answer: A. Place a pillow between the client’s legs when turning
Rationale: After total hip arthroplasty, the hip should not be adducted past midline. Placing a pillow
between the legs prevents adduction and reduces dislocation risk. Hip flexion should be limited to less
than 90 degrees. Leg crossing is strictly prohibited, not just at the ankles.
STyle QueSTIoNS wITh deTAIled RATIoNAleS | 100% VeRIfIed – pASS
guARANTeed – A+ gRAded
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who reports sudden onset of dyspnea and cough with
pink, frothy sputum. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Place the client in high-Fowler’s position
B. Administer furosemide IV push
C. Apply oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 L/min
D. Notify the healthcare provider
Answer: A. Place the client in high-Fowler’s position
Rationale: The client is exhibiting signs of acute pulmonary edema. The priority nursing action is to
position the client in high-Fowler’s position to decrease venous return and reduce pulmonary
congestion. Oxygen administration and diuretics are important but follow positioning. Notifying the
provider occurs after immediate interventions.
Question 2
A nurse is monitoring a client receiving a blood transfusion. Which finding indicates a hemolytic
transfusion reaction?
A. Urticaria and pruritus
B. Fever and chills
C. Low back pain and hypotension
D. Wheezing and stridor
Answer: C. Low back pain and hypotension
, Rationale: Hemolytic transfusion reactions occur due to ABO incompatibility. Manifestations include low
back pain, hypotension, tachycardia, hemoglobinuria, and renal failure. Urticaria indicates an allergic
reaction. Fever and chills may indicate febrile reaction. Wheezing suggests anaphylaxis.
Question 3
A nurse is teaching a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) about pursed-lip
breathing. What is the primary purpose of this technique?
A. Increase oxygen intake
B. Decrease carbon dioxide retention
C. Keep airways open during exhalation
D. Reduce risk of pneumonia
Answer: C. Keep airways open during exhalation
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing creates backpressure in the airways, preventing premature collapse of
alveoli and small airways during exhalation. This improves ventilation and reduces air trapping. It does
not directly increase oxygen intake or decrease pneumonia risk.
Question 4
A nurse is caring for a client after a total hip arthroplasty. Which action is most important to prevent
dislocation of the new hip joint?
A. Place a pillow between the client’s legs when turning
B. Keep the hip flexed at 90 degrees when sitting
C. Encourage crossing legs at the ankles only
D. Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees
Answer: A. Place a pillow between the client’s legs when turning
Rationale: After total hip arthroplasty, the hip should not be adducted past midline. Placing a pillow
between the legs prevents adduction and reduces dislocation risk. Hip flexion should be limited to less
than 90 degrees. Leg crossing is strictly prohibited, not just at the ankles.
