AFAA EXAM 2026 PERSONAL TRAINING
PRINCIPLES ASSESSMENT STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Blood pooling. Answer: Condition caused by ceasing vigorous
exercise too abruptly so blood remains in extremities and may not
be delivered quickening have to the heart and brain
◉ Vital capacity. Answer: Greatest volume of air that can be forcibly
exhaled after deepest inspiration
◉ Valsalva maneuver. Answer: Holding breath against closed glottis
forming an unequal pressure in the chest cavity, decreasing blood
flow to heart and brain (dizziness and fainting can occur)
◉ 120/80. Answer: Normal blood pressure
◉ 140/90. Answer: Hypertensive blood pressure
◉ Joint. Answer: Point at which 2 or more bones meet, where
movement occurs
,◉ Ligament. Answer: Fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone,
reinforces joints, non elastic, limited range of motion
◉ Tendon. Answer: Dense fibrous tissue forming termination
◉ Cartilage. Answer: White semi opaque fibrous connective tissue
that cushions and prevents wear on particular surfaces
◉ Anterior posterior. Answer: Front back
◉ Medial lateral. Answer: Toward midline
Away from midline
◉ Supine prone. Answer: Laying face up
Face down
◉ Superior inferior. Answer: Above
Below
◉ Unilateral bilateral. Answer: One side
Both sides
, ◉ Horizontal plane. Answer: Divides by top and bottom at waist
◉ Sagittal. Answer: Divides by left and right from nose
◉ Frontal. Answer: Divides by front and back through middle
◉ Flexion. Answer: Joint action that creates a bending that decreases
the angle between bones
◉ Extension. Answer: Joint action That creates a bending that
increases the angle between bones and straightens
◉ Abduction. Answer: Joint action Movement away from midline
◉ Adduction. Answer: Joint action Movement toward midline
◉ Rotation. Answer: Joint action Movement around axis
◉ Circumduction. Answer: Joint action Extremity makes 360degree
circle
◉ Agonist. Answer: Primary muscles performing work
PRINCIPLES ASSESSMENT STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Blood pooling. Answer: Condition caused by ceasing vigorous
exercise too abruptly so blood remains in extremities and may not
be delivered quickening have to the heart and brain
◉ Vital capacity. Answer: Greatest volume of air that can be forcibly
exhaled after deepest inspiration
◉ Valsalva maneuver. Answer: Holding breath against closed glottis
forming an unequal pressure in the chest cavity, decreasing blood
flow to heart and brain (dizziness and fainting can occur)
◉ 120/80. Answer: Normal blood pressure
◉ 140/90. Answer: Hypertensive blood pressure
◉ Joint. Answer: Point at which 2 or more bones meet, where
movement occurs
,◉ Ligament. Answer: Fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone,
reinforces joints, non elastic, limited range of motion
◉ Tendon. Answer: Dense fibrous tissue forming termination
◉ Cartilage. Answer: White semi opaque fibrous connective tissue
that cushions and prevents wear on particular surfaces
◉ Anterior posterior. Answer: Front back
◉ Medial lateral. Answer: Toward midline
Away from midline
◉ Supine prone. Answer: Laying face up
Face down
◉ Superior inferior. Answer: Above
Below
◉ Unilateral bilateral. Answer: One side
Both sides
, ◉ Horizontal plane. Answer: Divides by top and bottom at waist
◉ Sagittal. Answer: Divides by left and right from nose
◉ Frontal. Answer: Divides by front and back through middle
◉ Flexion. Answer: Joint action that creates a bending that decreases
the angle between bones
◉ Extension. Answer: Joint action That creates a bending that
increases the angle between bones and straightens
◉ Abduction. Answer: Joint action Movement away from midline
◉ Adduction. Answer: Joint action Movement toward midline
◉ Rotation. Answer: Joint action Movement around axis
◉ Circumduction. Answer: Joint action Extremity makes 360degree
circle
◉ Agonist. Answer: Primary muscles performing work
