NSE 221 WEEKS 1, 2,3,4,5,6,8,9 & 10 |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | LATEST | 100%
CORRECT.
Which of the following are signs of fluid overload SATA:
a) lethargy
b)thready pulse
c) HTN
d)confusion
e) decreases serum electrolytes
f) bounding pulse
Correct Answer: c, d, e, f
5% dextrose in NS is a...
a) hypotonic
b) isotonic
c) hypertonic
Correct Answer: C
hypertonic slns are never given to which pt population
Correct Answer: cardiac and renal
,Fluid Assessment: Deficit
- BP low
- Pulse fast (compensation)
- Increased vascular volume
- Neck veins not too visible
- Mucous membranes dry
- Decreased body weight
Fluid Assessment: Overload
- Elevated BP
- Pulse elevated
- Bounding neck veins
- Increased vascular volume (edema, pulse bounding)
- Mucous membranes normal
- Body weight increased
Reasons for IV Therapy
- Maintain or restore fluid volume
- To replace or correct fluids and electrolytes
- Route for medication administration
- To transfuse blood or blood components
- To provide nutritional support (TPN and lipids)
,What is IV Therapy?
Correct Answer: IV therapy is a prescribed therapy based upon the pt's condition and treatment
plan
Essentials for Nurses' in IV Therapy
- Assess/reassess PIV completely based on policy
- Follow hospital guidelines and policy to establish and maintain
- Understanding of ordered IV fluids in context of pt's condition
- Provide pt education as indicated
Nursing Concepts for Fluid Management
- Lab findings
- Overload/deficit
- Fluid restriction
- Intake/output
- 24 hour fluid balance
Common IV Solutions
1) Isotonic
2) Hypertonic
3) Hypotonic
4) Plasma Expander (Colloids)
, Isotonic Solutions
- Generally have a 'normal' osmolarity as serum and other body fluids
- STAYS where it is infused - intravascular system
- The least irritating to endothelial lining of vein wall
Examples of Isotonic Solutions
- Ringers Lactate (RL or LR) - 275 mOsm/L
- Normal Saline (NS) - 308 mOsm/L
- 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) - 252 mOsm/L
- 5% Albumin - 308 mOsm/L
Hypertonic Solutions
- Osmolarity is higher than serum osmolarity
- PULLS fluid from interstitial and intracellular compartments
- Greatly expand intravascular compartment (watch for circ. overload)
- Pull from cellular compartment
- May be used cautiously to decrease edema (cerebral, pulmonary, peripheral)
- Do NOT give to pts with renal or cardiac impairment
- Increased risk of vessel damage
Examples of Hypertonic Solutions
- 5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline (D5/1/2S) - 406 mOsm/L
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | LATEST | 100%
CORRECT.
Which of the following are signs of fluid overload SATA:
a) lethargy
b)thready pulse
c) HTN
d)confusion
e) decreases serum electrolytes
f) bounding pulse
Correct Answer: c, d, e, f
5% dextrose in NS is a...
a) hypotonic
b) isotonic
c) hypertonic
Correct Answer: C
hypertonic slns are never given to which pt population
Correct Answer: cardiac and renal
,Fluid Assessment: Deficit
- BP low
- Pulse fast (compensation)
- Increased vascular volume
- Neck veins not too visible
- Mucous membranes dry
- Decreased body weight
Fluid Assessment: Overload
- Elevated BP
- Pulse elevated
- Bounding neck veins
- Increased vascular volume (edema, pulse bounding)
- Mucous membranes normal
- Body weight increased
Reasons for IV Therapy
- Maintain or restore fluid volume
- To replace or correct fluids and electrolytes
- Route for medication administration
- To transfuse blood or blood components
- To provide nutritional support (TPN and lipids)
,What is IV Therapy?
Correct Answer: IV therapy is a prescribed therapy based upon the pt's condition and treatment
plan
Essentials for Nurses' in IV Therapy
- Assess/reassess PIV completely based on policy
- Follow hospital guidelines and policy to establish and maintain
- Understanding of ordered IV fluids in context of pt's condition
- Provide pt education as indicated
Nursing Concepts for Fluid Management
- Lab findings
- Overload/deficit
- Fluid restriction
- Intake/output
- 24 hour fluid balance
Common IV Solutions
1) Isotonic
2) Hypertonic
3) Hypotonic
4) Plasma Expander (Colloids)
, Isotonic Solutions
- Generally have a 'normal' osmolarity as serum and other body fluids
- STAYS where it is infused - intravascular system
- The least irritating to endothelial lining of vein wall
Examples of Isotonic Solutions
- Ringers Lactate (RL or LR) - 275 mOsm/L
- Normal Saline (NS) - 308 mOsm/L
- 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) - 252 mOsm/L
- 5% Albumin - 308 mOsm/L
Hypertonic Solutions
- Osmolarity is higher than serum osmolarity
- PULLS fluid from interstitial and intracellular compartments
- Greatly expand intravascular compartment (watch for circ. overload)
- Pull from cellular compartment
- May be used cautiously to decrease edema (cerebral, pulmonary, peripheral)
- Do NOT give to pts with renal or cardiac impairment
- Increased risk of vessel damage
Examples of Hypertonic Solutions
- 5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline (D5/1/2S) - 406 mOsm/L
