SOCIOLOGY EXAM 1(CHAPTERS
1,2,3) WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS
Augustes Comtes (1798-1857) - ANSWER--Founder of sociology
-Analyze social order
-Wanted scientific method to apply
Karl Marx (1818-1883) - ANSWER--Created conflict theory
-Human misery lay within class conflict
-Exploitation of workers and producers, social change.
-Wanted social workers to overthrow capitalists.
Emilie Durkeim (1858-1917) - ANSWER--french sociologist
-Many important concepts to sociology
-suicide rates in different countries
-more likely to commit suicide in poorer countries.
Max Weber (1864-1920) - ANSWER--early sociologist
-profound impression on sociology
-cross cultural & historical materials trace social changes & determine social change.
Jane Addams (1860-1935) - ANSWER--Noble peace prize
-peace on behalf of immigrants.
W.E.B Dubois (1868-1963) - ANSWER--He studied relations between african
americans and whites
-Combined the roles of sociology and academics.
C.Wright Mills (1916-1962) - ANSWER--Controversial figure in sociology
-Analysis of the role of the power elite in U.S society.
-Analysis taken for granted by sociologists.
Jean Piaget - ANSWER-Development of reasoning, children go through a natural
process as they develop their ability to reason.
Cultural Shock - ANSWER-Disorientation people experience when they come in
contact with a different culture, and can no longer depend on their assumptions
about life.
Ethnocentrism - ANSWER-The tendency to use our own groups way of doing things
as a yardstick for judging others. (individuals or societies) usually a negative
evaluation of their values, norms, & behaviors.
Gestures - ANSWER-Use of body to communicate with others.
Norms - ANSWER-expectations or rules of behavior that develop out of a groups
values
, Values - ANSWER-Ideas about what is valuable, desirable, undesirable, good, bad,
beautiful and ugly. underlie or preferences and guide our choices.
Positive Sanction - ANSWER-A reward or positive reaction for following norms
Taboo - ANSWER-A norm so strongly ingrained that the thought of violating it is
greeted with revulsion (severe sanction)
Culture Lag - ANSWER-Behaviors lag behind technological innovations
Cultural leveling - ANSWER-The process by which cultures become similar to one
another. Often refers to western culture being exported and diffused into other
nations
Cultural Diffusion - ANSWER-The spread of cultural traits from one group to another,
usually material culture is the first to spread
Value Contradiction - ANSWER-Values that contradict each other. Equality vs Group
Superiority
Negative Sanction - ANSWER-Disapproval for breaking a norm. Range from mild to
severe.
Sanction - ANSWER-Expressions of approval for upholding norms or disapproval for
violating norms
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - ANSWER-Language creates ways on thinking and
perceiving. Jelly Vs. Jam
Subculture - ANSWER-A world within the larger world of the dominant culture
Counterculture - ANSWER-A group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related
behaviors place its members in opposition of the broader culture.
Language - ANSWER-A system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite
number of ways and can only represent not only objects, but abstract thoughts.
Mores - ANSWER-Norms that are taken seriously.
Folkway - ANSWER-Norms that are not strictly enforced.
Harriet Martineau - ANSWER-Interested in social issues, turned to sociology,
became an advocate for the destruction of slavery, traveled widely. translated
various works from Auguste Comte
Culture Wars - ANSWER-(Exaggerated Term) Clash in values between
traditionalists and those advocating change
1,2,3) WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS
Augustes Comtes (1798-1857) - ANSWER--Founder of sociology
-Analyze social order
-Wanted scientific method to apply
Karl Marx (1818-1883) - ANSWER--Created conflict theory
-Human misery lay within class conflict
-Exploitation of workers and producers, social change.
-Wanted social workers to overthrow capitalists.
Emilie Durkeim (1858-1917) - ANSWER--french sociologist
-Many important concepts to sociology
-suicide rates in different countries
-more likely to commit suicide in poorer countries.
Max Weber (1864-1920) - ANSWER--early sociologist
-profound impression on sociology
-cross cultural & historical materials trace social changes & determine social change.
Jane Addams (1860-1935) - ANSWER--Noble peace prize
-peace on behalf of immigrants.
W.E.B Dubois (1868-1963) - ANSWER--He studied relations between african
americans and whites
-Combined the roles of sociology and academics.
C.Wright Mills (1916-1962) - ANSWER--Controversial figure in sociology
-Analysis of the role of the power elite in U.S society.
-Analysis taken for granted by sociologists.
Jean Piaget - ANSWER-Development of reasoning, children go through a natural
process as they develop their ability to reason.
Cultural Shock - ANSWER-Disorientation people experience when they come in
contact with a different culture, and can no longer depend on their assumptions
about life.
Ethnocentrism - ANSWER-The tendency to use our own groups way of doing things
as a yardstick for judging others. (individuals or societies) usually a negative
evaluation of their values, norms, & behaviors.
Gestures - ANSWER-Use of body to communicate with others.
Norms - ANSWER-expectations or rules of behavior that develop out of a groups
values
, Values - ANSWER-Ideas about what is valuable, desirable, undesirable, good, bad,
beautiful and ugly. underlie or preferences and guide our choices.
Positive Sanction - ANSWER-A reward or positive reaction for following norms
Taboo - ANSWER-A norm so strongly ingrained that the thought of violating it is
greeted with revulsion (severe sanction)
Culture Lag - ANSWER-Behaviors lag behind technological innovations
Cultural leveling - ANSWER-The process by which cultures become similar to one
another. Often refers to western culture being exported and diffused into other
nations
Cultural Diffusion - ANSWER-The spread of cultural traits from one group to another,
usually material culture is the first to spread
Value Contradiction - ANSWER-Values that contradict each other. Equality vs Group
Superiority
Negative Sanction - ANSWER-Disapproval for breaking a norm. Range from mild to
severe.
Sanction - ANSWER-Expressions of approval for upholding norms or disapproval for
violating norms
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - ANSWER-Language creates ways on thinking and
perceiving. Jelly Vs. Jam
Subculture - ANSWER-A world within the larger world of the dominant culture
Counterculture - ANSWER-A group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related
behaviors place its members in opposition of the broader culture.
Language - ANSWER-A system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite
number of ways and can only represent not only objects, but abstract thoughts.
Mores - ANSWER-Norms that are taken seriously.
Folkway - ANSWER-Norms that are not strictly enforced.
Harriet Martineau - ANSWER-Interested in social issues, turned to sociology,
became an advocate for the destruction of slavery, traveled widely. translated
various works from Auguste Comte
Culture Wars - ANSWER-(Exaggerated Term) Clash in values between
traditionalists and those advocating change
