NSE 222: WEEKS 4-6 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.What does phenomenology as a method in research focus on? - ANSWERS✔--
Focuses on understanding human experience or lived experience of people
- Ask: What is the lived experience of a phenomenon or what meaning do people
assign to their experience?
Includes
- Use to explore new topics or to gain deeper or new insight about a phenomenon
- Commonly used in nursing and healthcare explore the practice or illness issues
\.What is the purpose of phenomenological research? - ANSWERS✔-- Seeks to
make sense of people's experience and transforms these experiences of a
phenomenon into consciousness and describing its individual and shared
meaning.
- how the phenomenon is perceived, felt, judged, and remembered , made sense
of, and spoken about
- Use in-depth interviews to capture experiences people about a phenomenon
\.What are the values of phenomenology? - ANSWERS✔-- Process of learning and
constructing meaning of human experience
- Critique of positivist assumptions about human experience
,- Study life world or lived experience
- Acknowledges intersubjectivity of lived experience
- Bracketing of preconceive ideas (common in descriptive type)
\.What are the types of phenomenological methods? - ANSWERS✔-Descriptive,
Heideggerian/interpretive, hermeneutics
\.What is descriptive phenomenology? - ANSWERS✔-•Based Edmond Husserl's
philosophy
•Focuses on providing rich and detail description of the lived world
\.What is Heideggerian/interpretive phenomenology? - ANSWERS✔-•Based on
Martin Heidegger philosophy
•Move from description towards understanding and searching for relationship and
meaning
\.What is hermeneutics? - ANSWERS✔-•Focuses on interpreting a phenomenon or
meaning making
- Hermeneutics: theoretical framework for understanding or interpreting meaning
of human phenomenon
Assumptions
- Interpretation is derived from history, culture, and purpose of the text
- Uses qualitative methods to establish context and meaning of what people do
- Reality is constructed based on interpretation of data and is co-created with
participants
, - Acknowledges interpretation and analysis is shaped social processes
\.What is the history of descriptive phenomenology? - ANSWERS✔-Founding
father of phenomenology
•A phenomenon could be captured within consciousness and be described in a
pure form
•Descriptive phenomenology involve careful description of ordinary conscious
experience of everyday life as people experience them
•E.g. hearing, seeing, believing, feeling, remembering, deciding
-Bracketing/Phenomenological reduction: identifying and holding in abeyance
preconceived beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon under study
\.What are the steps involved in bracketing? - ANSWERS✔-•Intuiting: remain open
to the meanings attributed to the phenomenon by those who have experienced it
•Analyzing: extracting significant statements, categorizing, and making sense of
the essential meanings of the phenomenon and reporting themes
•Describing: occurs when the researcher comes to understand and define the
phenomenon
\.What is reflexivity in bracketing? - ANSWERS✔-•Reflexivity: bracketing is
achieved through reflexive journaling of one's preconceptions
\.How is interpretive phenomenology explained by Heidegger? - ANSWERS✔-
•Emphasis is on interpretation of phenomena
•Interpret human experience through personal or preconceptions to enhance
understanding of key meanings
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.What does phenomenology as a method in research focus on? - ANSWERS✔--
Focuses on understanding human experience or lived experience of people
- Ask: What is the lived experience of a phenomenon or what meaning do people
assign to their experience?
Includes
- Use to explore new topics or to gain deeper or new insight about a phenomenon
- Commonly used in nursing and healthcare explore the practice or illness issues
\.What is the purpose of phenomenological research? - ANSWERS✔-- Seeks to
make sense of people's experience and transforms these experiences of a
phenomenon into consciousness and describing its individual and shared
meaning.
- how the phenomenon is perceived, felt, judged, and remembered , made sense
of, and spoken about
- Use in-depth interviews to capture experiences people about a phenomenon
\.What are the values of phenomenology? - ANSWERS✔-- Process of learning and
constructing meaning of human experience
- Critique of positivist assumptions about human experience
,- Study life world or lived experience
- Acknowledges intersubjectivity of lived experience
- Bracketing of preconceive ideas (common in descriptive type)
\.What are the types of phenomenological methods? - ANSWERS✔-Descriptive,
Heideggerian/interpretive, hermeneutics
\.What is descriptive phenomenology? - ANSWERS✔-•Based Edmond Husserl's
philosophy
•Focuses on providing rich and detail description of the lived world
\.What is Heideggerian/interpretive phenomenology? - ANSWERS✔-•Based on
Martin Heidegger philosophy
•Move from description towards understanding and searching for relationship and
meaning
\.What is hermeneutics? - ANSWERS✔-•Focuses on interpreting a phenomenon or
meaning making
- Hermeneutics: theoretical framework for understanding or interpreting meaning
of human phenomenon
Assumptions
- Interpretation is derived from history, culture, and purpose of the text
- Uses qualitative methods to establish context and meaning of what people do
- Reality is constructed based on interpretation of data and is co-created with
participants
, - Acknowledges interpretation and analysis is shaped social processes
\.What is the history of descriptive phenomenology? - ANSWERS✔-Founding
father of phenomenology
•A phenomenon could be captured within consciousness and be described in a
pure form
•Descriptive phenomenology involve careful description of ordinary conscious
experience of everyday life as people experience them
•E.g. hearing, seeing, believing, feeling, remembering, deciding
-Bracketing/Phenomenological reduction: identifying and holding in abeyance
preconceived beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon under study
\.What are the steps involved in bracketing? - ANSWERS✔-•Intuiting: remain open
to the meanings attributed to the phenomenon by those who have experienced it
•Analyzing: extracting significant statements, categorizing, and making sense of
the essential meanings of the phenomenon and reporting themes
•Describing: occurs when the researcher comes to understand and define the
phenomenon
\.What is reflexivity in bracketing? - ANSWERS✔-•Reflexivity: bracketing is
achieved through reflexive journaling of one's preconceptions
\.How is interpretive phenomenology explained by Heidegger? - ANSWERS✔-
•Emphasis is on interpretation of phenomena
•Interpret human experience through personal or preconceptions to enhance
understanding of key meanings
