AHN 447 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
At least 60 mmHg - ANS What MAP is required for adequate flow?
they're stimulated with elevated BP; drop BP - ANS What do baroreceptors do?
sensitive to hypoxia; increases vasoconstriction to increase perfusion - ANS What do
chemoreceptors do?
- valves thicken adn stiffen
- coronary arteries become harder and thicker - ANS What happens to the heart as one
ages?
- thicken/stiffen
- slow exchange of nutrients from blood and tissues - ANS What happens to the blood
vessels as one ages?
- blood volume increases
- decrease in bone marrow production of RBC (decrease in H&H) - ANS What happens to
the blood as one ages?
1
,systolic drop of 20 mmHg or diastolic drom of 10 mmHg with 10-20% increase in HR -
ANS What is considered orthostatic hypotension?
S1
- closure of AV valves
- best heard at the apex
- ventricular systole
S2
- closure of PV/AV
- best heard at the base
- diastole - ANS What is the difference between S1 and S2?
S3
- faily normal under 35
- ventricular gallop
- early sign on HF
S4
- atrial gallop
- HTN, MI, Aortic or pulmonic stenosis - ANS What is the difference between S3 and S4?
- ANS turbulent blood flow across the valves
Troponin 1; released with any myocardial damage; any troponin is abnormal and should be
treated as a cardiac event - ANS What is the "gold standard" fro diagnostics of cardiac
damage and why?
2
, can give a false positive because it can be found in multiple places - ANS Why is CK-mb
not reliable for diagnosing cardiac issues?
less than 200 - ANS What are normal total cholesterol levels?
greater than 45 in men and greater than 55 in women - ANS What are normal HDL levels?
less than 130 - ANS What are normal LDL levels?
less than 160 in men and less than 135 in women - ANS What are normal Triglyceride
levels?
may have palpitations; may feel hot - ANS What should you inform your pt about before a
heart cath?
systolic HF and diastolic HF - ANS What are the two types of left-sided heart failure?
systolic heart failure - ANS loss of ability to contract forcefully
diastolic heart failure - ANS loss of ventricular wall compliance; cant' adequately fill
right-sided heart failure - ANS RV doesn't empty completely and "backs up" into venous
system causing peripheral edema
Manifestations of pulmonary congestions:
- cough, worse at night (ask how many pillows they sleep with)
3
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
At least 60 mmHg - ANS What MAP is required for adequate flow?
they're stimulated with elevated BP; drop BP - ANS What do baroreceptors do?
sensitive to hypoxia; increases vasoconstriction to increase perfusion - ANS What do
chemoreceptors do?
- valves thicken adn stiffen
- coronary arteries become harder and thicker - ANS What happens to the heart as one
ages?
- thicken/stiffen
- slow exchange of nutrients from blood and tissues - ANS What happens to the blood
vessels as one ages?
- blood volume increases
- decrease in bone marrow production of RBC (decrease in H&H) - ANS What happens to
the blood as one ages?
1
,systolic drop of 20 mmHg or diastolic drom of 10 mmHg with 10-20% increase in HR -
ANS What is considered orthostatic hypotension?
S1
- closure of AV valves
- best heard at the apex
- ventricular systole
S2
- closure of PV/AV
- best heard at the base
- diastole - ANS What is the difference between S1 and S2?
S3
- faily normal under 35
- ventricular gallop
- early sign on HF
S4
- atrial gallop
- HTN, MI, Aortic or pulmonic stenosis - ANS What is the difference between S3 and S4?
- ANS turbulent blood flow across the valves
Troponin 1; released with any myocardial damage; any troponin is abnormal and should be
treated as a cardiac event - ANS What is the "gold standard" fro diagnostics of cardiac
damage and why?
2
, can give a false positive because it can be found in multiple places - ANS Why is CK-mb
not reliable for diagnosing cardiac issues?
less than 200 - ANS What are normal total cholesterol levels?
greater than 45 in men and greater than 55 in women - ANS What are normal HDL levels?
less than 130 - ANS What are normal LDL levels?
less than 160 in men and less than 135 in women - ANS What are normal Triglyceride
levels?
may have palpitations; may feel hot - ANS What should you inform your pt about before a
heart cath?
systolic HF and diastolic HF - ANS What are the two types of left-sided heart failure?
systolic heart failure - ANS loss of ability to contract forcefully
diastolic heart failure - ANS loss of ventricular wall compliance; cant' adequately fill
right-sided heart failure - ANS RV doesn't empty completely and "backs up" into venous
system causing peripheral edema
Manifestations of pulmonary congestions:
- cough, worse at night (ask how many pillows they sleep with)
3
