HOSA NUTRITION STUDY GUIDE
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Main function & caloric intake of Carbohydrates. Answer: energy, 4
Kilocalories, 50-60% of daily caloric intake
◉ Main function & caloric intake of Lipids. Answer: storage of energy;
9Kcal; less than 30 % of daily caloric intake
◉ Main function & caloric intake of Protein. Answer: structure; 4Kcal;
or 15-25% of daily caloric intake
◉ 3 main catagories of carbohydrates. Answer: monosaccharides,
disaccharides, polysaccharides
◉ Monosaccharide. Answer: simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose
◉ Disaccharide. Answer: sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose
◉ Polysaccharide. Answer: starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble
◉ Fiber is subdivided into. Answer: soluble & insoluble
,◉ RDA for fibers is. Answer: 25-35 per day
◉ Soluble fiber. Answer: helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels
◉ Insoluble fiber. Answer: is important for colon health
◉ 4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. Answer: galactosemia,
primary lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency
◉ Galatosemia. Answer: inherited, early onset, accumulation of galatose
in blood, severe symptoms = failure to thrive
◉ Primary lactase deficiency. Answer: body cannot digest lactose, GI
symptoms, early onset
◉ Lactose intolerance. Answer: later onset, varied severity, various
causes: inheritance, increased antibiotic use
◉ Sucrase deficiency. Answer: similar to lactase deficiency:body cannot
digest sucrase, GI symptoms, early onset
◉ Functions of Carbohydrates. Answer: primary energy source for
energy; balance protein & fat metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx,
waste elimination & blood sugar control; liver detox
, ◉ Amino acids. Answer: the basic building blocks for proteins
◉ Proteins are subdivided into. Answer: essential & nonessential
◉ Urea/Ammonia. Answer: the main waste product produced by protein
metabolism
◉ Dietary sources of protein. Answer: complete: animal based;
incomplete: plant based
◉ Complete & incomplete protein forms. Answer: are based upon the
range of amino acids present
◉ Disorders of protein. Answer: Celiac disease & Milk protein allergy
◉ 2 types of protein malnutrition. Answer: Maramus; Kwashiorkor
disease
◉ Maramus. Answer: "starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency
◉ Kwashiorkor Disease. Answer: protein deficiency with appropriate
caloric intake
◉ Functions of amino acids. Answer: tissue repair; immune system
support; neurotransmitter support; growth; osmotic balance; pH balance
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Main function & caloric intake of Carbohydrates. Answer: energy, 4
Kilocalories, 50-60% of daily caloric intake
◉ Main function & caloric intake of Lipids. Answer: storage of energy;
9Kcal; less than 30 % of daily caloric intake
◉ Main function & caloric intake of Protein. Answer: structure; 4Kcal;
or 15-25% of daily caloric intake
◉ 3 main catagories of carbohydrates. Answer: monosaccharides,
disaccharides, polysaccharides
◉ Monosaccharide. Answer: simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose
◉ Disaccharide. Answer: sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose
◉ Polysaccharide. Answer: starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble
◉ Fiber is subdivided into. Answer: soluble & insoluble
,◉ RDA for fibers is. Answer: 25-35 per day
◉ Soluble fiber. Answer: helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels
◉ Insoluble fiber. Answer: is important for colon health
◉ 4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. Answer: galactosemia,
primary lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency
◉ Galatosemia. Answer: inherited, early onset, accumulation of galatose
in blood, severe symptoms = failure to thrive
◉ Primary lactase deficiency. Answer: body cannot digest lactose, GI
symptoms, early onset
◉ Lactose intolerance. Answer: later onset, varied severity, various
causes: inheritance, increased antibiotic use
◉ Sucrase deficiency. Answer: similar to lactase deficiency:body cannot
digest sucrase, GI symptoms, early onset
◉ Functions of Carbohydrates. Answer: primary energy source for
energy; balance protein & fat metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx,
waste elimination & blood sugar control; liver detox
, ◉ Amino acids. Answer: the basic building blocks for proteins
◉ Proteins are subdivided into. Answer: essential & nonessential
◉ Urea/Ammonia. Answer: the main waste product produced by protein
metabolism
◉ Dietary sources of protein. Answer: complete: animal based;
incomplete: plant based
◉ Complete & incomplete protein forms. Answer: are based upon the
range of amino acids present
◉ Disorders of protein. Answer: Celiac disease & Milk protein allergy
◉ 2 types of protein malnutrition. Answer: Maramus; Kwashiorkor
disease
◉ Maramus. Answer: "starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency
◉ Kwashiorkor Disease. Answer: protein deficiency with appropriate
caloric intake
◉ Functions of amino acids. Answer: tissue repair; immune system
support; neurotransmitter support; growth; osmotic balance; pH balance
