1
THEPROWESS STUVIA
SOLUTION MANUAL
American Government: Political
Development and Institutional Change
12th Edition by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16
, 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution
3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development
4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern
8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock
10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime
11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First Century
12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint
13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America
14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide
15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy
16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century
, 3
Chapter GH1
THE GHORIGINS GHOF GHAMERICAN GHPOLITICAL GHPRINCIPLES
FOCUS GHQUESTIONS
Q1 What GHare GHthe GHbroad GHpurposes GHof GHgovernment?
A1 The GHancients GHbelieved GHthe GHrole GHof GHgovernment GHand GHpolitics GHwas GHto
GHfoster GHhuman G H excellence. GHHowever, GHit GHis GHimperative GHto GHremember GHthat
GHthe GHGreeks GHand GHRomans G H believed GHthe GHvirtuous GHshould GHrule GHaccording
GHto GHnatural GHlaw. GHFurthermore, GHvaluesof G H equality GHand GHorder GHwould GHbe
GHserved GHthrough GHa GHsociety GHbased GHupon GHthe GHrule GHoflaw GHto G H provide GHfor
GHthe GHcommon GHgood. GHIn GHthe GHMiddle GHAges, GHgovernment GHwas GH largely GHused
G H to GHfacilitate GHreligion GHand GHmaintained GHthe GHneed GHfor GHthe GHindividual GHto
GH live GHa GHproper GHlife G H in GHthe GHservice GHof GHGod. GHThe GHrole GHof GHgovernment
GHchanged GHin GHthe GH early GHsixteenth G H century GHby GHdownplaying GHthe GHrole GHof
GHreligion GHwhile GHalternatively GH promoting GHthe GHrole G H of GHlimited GHgovernment
GHto GHprotect GHprivate GHproperty GHand GH individual GHrights.
Q2 How GHshould GHgovernment GHbe GHdesigned GHto GHachieve GHits GHpurposes?
A2 According GHto GHPlato GHthe GHphilosopher-king’s GHwisdom GHand GHintellect GHwould
GHpromote G H order, GHstability GHand GHjustice. GHYet, GHAristotle GHtakes GHa GHmore
GHrealistic GHview GHof GHAthenian G H society GHby GHadvocating GHthe GHbest GHform GHof
GHgovernment GHas GHa GHpolity, GHwhich GHcombined G H oligarchic GHand GHdemocratic
GHelements GHto GHproduce GHpolitical GHstability. GHThe GHRomans G H combined
GHmonarchical, GHaristocratic, GHand GHdemocratic GHprinciples GHas GHa GHmixed
G H government GHwithin GHrepresentative GHbodies GHlike GHthe GHSenate GHand GHthe
GHAssembly GHin GH order G H to GHchampion GHthe GHcauses GHof GHboth GHthe GHrich GHand GHthe
GHpoor. GHGovernment GHin GHtheMiddle G H Ages GHwas GHdetermined GHthrough GHdivine
GHright, GHwhereby GHa GHmonarch GHor GHPope GH was G H ordained GHby GHGod GHto GHrule.
GHHence, GHwisdom GHand GHvirtue GHrested GHwithin GHthese GHfew G H individuals GHwho
GHgoverned GHto GHpromote GHreligious GHlife GHand GHprotect GHthe GHreligious
G H establishment. GHThe GHRenaissance, GHProtestant GHReformation, GHand
GHEnlightenment G H Periods GHshifted GHthe GHrole GHof GHgovernment GHfrom GHupholding
GHreligious GHdoctrine GHto GH secular G H concerns, GHsuch GHas GHprotecting GHinalienable
GHrights, GHincluding GHprivate GH property, GHand G H promoting GHcommerce. GHIn GHturn,
GHEnlightenment GHpolitical
© GH2023 GHTaylor GH& GHFrancis
, 4
philosophers GHlargely GHappealed GHto GHindividualism GHand GHnot GHreligious GHhierarchy
GHas GHameans G H to GHprovide GHorder GHand GHstability GHin GHwhich GHindividuals GHcould
GHflourish.
Q3 What GHlessons GHabout GHgovernment GHdid GHcolonial GHAmericans GHdraw GHfrom GHthe
GHhistory GHofancient GHGreece GH and G H Rome?
A3 Plato GHwas GHsuspicious GHof GHdemocracy’s GHrule GHof GHthe GHmany GHbecause GHgood
GHgovernment G H would GHdecay GHinto GHmob GHrule. GHHence, GHthe GHpassions GHof GHthe
GHmasses GHneeded GHto GHbe GH quelled G H by GHmore GHaristocratic GHelements. GHWith
GHthis GHproblem GHin GHmind, GHthe GHFramers GHofthe GHU.S. G H Constitution GHreferenced
GHthe GHinstitutional GHdesign GHof GHthe GHRoman GHrepublic GHadhered GHto G H the
GHtradition GHof GHmixed GHgovernment GHinitially GHexpounded GHby GHAristotle GH and GHthe
GHRomans. G H This GHwas GHmaintained GHin GHthe GHindirect GHselection GHof GHboth GHthe
GHSenateand GHthe GHpresidency G H within GHthe GHConstitution. GHAristotle GHalso
GHadvocated GHmixing GHaristocratic GHand GHdemocratic G H elements GHin GHa GHgoverning
GHstructure GHcalled GHa GHpolity. GHIn GHeffect, GHthis GHgovernmental GHdesign G H allowed
GHthe GHfew GHand GHthe GHmany GHto GHparticipate GHin GHthe GHpolitics GHproviding GHan
GHorderly G H society GHwhere GHthe GHpoor GHshould GHbe GHable GHto GHselect GH government
GHofficials GHwho GHwere GHheld G H accountable. GHThis GHwas GHalso GHmade GHmanifest
GHinthe GHConstitution GHwith GHits GHaristocratic-like G H Senate GHand GHthe GHmore
GHdemocratic GHHouse GH of GHRepresentatives. GHThus GHthe GHAmerican G H republic’s
GHConstitution GHestablished GH institutional GHpowers GHto GHgovern GHaccording GHto GHthe
G H rule GHof GHlaw. GHWhile GHthe GHFramers GHrejected GHthe GHreligious GHhierarchy GHof
GHthe GHMiddle GHAges, G H they GHappealed GHto GHinalienable GHrights GHendowed GHupon
GHevery GHindividual GHby GHGod, GHper GHthe G H writings GHof GHJohn GHLocke, GHin GHwhich GHa
GHjust GHgovernment GHand GHsociety GHcould GHnot GHbe G H impeded.
Q4 What GHcircumstances GHled GHEuropeans GHto GHleave GHtheir GHhomelands GHto GHsettle GHin
GHAmerica?
A4 Individuals GHimmigrated GHto GHthe GHcolonies GHto GHescape GHreligious GHpersecution GHand
GHcivil G H unrest GHafter GHthe GHEnglish GHCivil GHWar GHand GHto GHpursue GHsocial GHand
GHeconomic GH opportunities. G H Colonists GHenjoyed GHa GHvast GHarray GHof GHnatural
GHresources GHand GHa GHlarge GH geographical GHarea G H where GHfreedom GHof GHreligion
GHand GHeconomic GHopportunity GH flourished. GHAlso, GHtheir G H heterogeneous GHsocial
GHcomposition GHas GHwell GHas GHcontinual GH promotion GHof GHideals, GHsuch GHas
G H equality GHand GHtolerance, GHtended GHto GHpromote GHpolitical GHfreedom GHat GHthe
GHsame GHtime GHthat G H social GHexpansion GHof GHthe GHpopulation GHwas GHoccurring.
Q5 What GHdid GHdemocracy GHmean GHto GHour GHcolonial GHancestors, GHand GHdid GHthey GHapprove
GHit?
A5 The GHcolonists GHwere GHskeptical GHof GHdemocracy GHand GHviewed GHthis GHtype GHof
GH governing G H authority GHas GHmob GHrule. GHSociety GHwas GHlargely GHseen GHas
GHsegmented GHinto GHthose GHwho GH should G H rule GHand GHthose GHwho GHshould GHnot. GHIn
GHfact, GHthe GHFounders GHbelieved GHthat GHthe GH elite GH(well- G H educated, GHland
GHowners) GHshould GHoccupy GHpositions GHof GHleadership. GHThus, GH an GHaristocratic
G H element GHwithin GHgovernment GHwas GHnecessary GHto GHprotect GHagainst GHthethreat
GHof GHmob GHrule G H historically GHassociated GHwith GHdemocracy. GHFundamentally, GHthe
GHidea GHof GHrepublicanism G H was GHpromoted GHas GHan GHideal GHat GHa GHhigher GHlevel
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
THEPROWESS STUVIA
SOLUTION MANUAL
American Government: Political
Development and Institutional Change
12th Edition by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16
, 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution
3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development
4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern
8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock
10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime
11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First Century
12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint
13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America
14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide
15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy
16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century
, 3
Chapter GH1
THE GHORIGINS GHOF GHAMERICAN GHPOLITICAL GHPRINCIPLES
FOCUS GHQUESTIONS
Q1 What GHare GHthe GHbroad GHpurposes GHof GHgovernment?
A1 The GHancients GHbelieved GHthe GHrole GHof GHgovernment GHand GHpolitics GHwas GHto
GHfoster GHhuman G H excellence. GHHowever, GHit GHis GHimperative GHto GHremember GHthat
GHthe GHGreeks GHand GHRomans G H believed GHthe GHvirtuous GHshould GHrule GHaccording
GHto GHnatural GHlaw. GHFurthermore, GHvaluesof G H equality GHand GHorder GHwould GHbe
GHserved GHthrough GHa GHsociety GHbased GHupon GHthe GHrule GHoflaw GHto G H provide GHfor
GHthe GHcommon GHgood. GHIn GHthe GHMiddle GHAges, GHgovernment GHwas GH largely GHused
G H to GHfacilitate GHreligion GHand GHmaintained GHthe GHneed GHfor GHthe GHindividual GHto
GH live GHa GHproper GHlife G H in GHthe GHservice GHof GHGod. GHThe GHrole GHof GHgovernment
GHchanged GHin GHthe GH early GHsixteenth G H century GHby GHdownplaying GHthe GHrole GHof
GHreligion GHwhile GHalternatively GH promoting GHthe GHrole G H of GHlimited GHgovernment
GHto GHprotect GHprivate GHproperty GHand GH individual GHrights.
Q2 How GHshould GHgovernment GHbe GHdesigned GHto GHachieve GHits GHpurposes?
A2 According GHto GHPlato GHthe GHphilosopher-king’s GHwisdom GHand GHintellect GHwould
GHpromote G H order, GHstability GHand GHjustice. GHYet, GHAristotle GHtakes GHa GHmore
GHrealistic GHview GHof GHAthenian G H society GHby GHadvocating GHthe GHbest GHform GHof
GHgovernment GHas GHa GHpolity, GHwhich GHcombined G H oligarchic GHand GHdemocratic
GHelements GHto GHproduce GHpolitical GHstability. GHThe GHRomans G H combined
GHmonarchical, GHaristocratic, GHand GHdemocratic GHprinciples GHas GHa GHmixed
G H government GHwithin GHrepresentative GHbodies GHlike GHthe GHSenate GHand GHthe
GHAssembly GHin GH order G H to GHchampion GHthe GHcauses GHof GHboth GHthe GHrich GHand GHthe
GHpoor. GHGovernment GHin GHtheMiddle G H Ages GHwas GHdetermined GHthrough GHdivine
GHright, GHwhereby GHa GHmonarch GHor GHPope GH was G H ordained GHby GHGod GHto GHrule.
GHHence, GHwisdom GHand GHvirtue GHrested GHwithin GHthese GHfew G H individuals GHwho
GHgoverned GHto GHpromote GHreligious GHlife GHand GHprotect GHthe GHreligious
G H establishment. GHThe GHRenaissance, GHProtestant GHReformation, GHand
GHEnlightenment G H Periods GHshifted GHthe GHrole GHof GHgovernment GHfrom GHupholding
GHreligious GHdoctrine GHto GH secular G H concerns, GHsuch GHas GHprotecting GHinalienable
GHrights, GHincluding GHprivate GH property, GHand G H promoting GHcommerce. GHIn GHturn,
GHEnlightenment GHpolitical
© GH2023 GHTaylor GH& GHFrancis
, 4
philosophers GHlargely GHappealed GHto GHindividualism GHand GHnot GHreligious GHhierarchy
GHas GHameans G H to GHprovide GHorder GHand GHstability GHin GHwhich GHindividuals GHcould
GHflourish.
Q3 What GHlessons GHabout GHgovernment GHdid GHcolonial GHAmericans GHdraw GHfrom GHthe
GHhistory GHofancient GHGreece GH and G H Rome?
A3 Plato GHwas GHsuspicious GHof GHdemocracy’s GHrule GHof GHthe GHmany GHbecause GHgood
GHgovernment G H would GHdecay GHinto GHmob GHrule. GHHence, GHthe GHpassions GHof GHthe
GHmasses GHneeded GHto GHbe GH quelled G H by GHmore GHaristocratic GHelements. GHWith
GHthis GHproblem GHin GHmind, GHthe GHFramers GHofthe GHU.S. G H Constitution GHreferenced
GHthe GHinstitutional GHdesign GHof GHthe GHRoman GHrepublic GHadhered GHto G H the
GHtradition GHof GHmixed GHgovernment GHinitially GHexpounded GHby GHAristotle GH and GHthe
GHRomans. G H This GHwas GHmaintained GHin GHthe GHindirect GHselection GHof GHboth GHthe
GHSenateand GHthe GHpresidency G H within GHthe GHConstitution. GHAristotle GHalso
GHadvocated GHmixing GHaristocratic GHand GHdemocratic G H elements GHin GHa GHgoverning
GHstructure GHcalled GHa GHpolity. GHIn GHeffect, GHthis GHgovernmental GHdesign G H allowed
GHthe GHfew GHand GHthe GHmany GHto GHparticipate GHin GHthe GHpolitics GHproviding GHan
GHorderly G H society GHwhere GHthe GHpoor GHshould GHbe GHable GHto GHselect GH government
GHofficials GHwho GHwere GHheld G H accountable. GHThis GHwas GHalso GHmade GHmanifest
GHinthe GHConstitution GHwith GHits GHaristocratic-like G H Senate GHand GHthe GHmore
GHdemocratic GHHouse GH of GHRepresentatives. GHThus GHthe GHAmerican G H republic’s
GHConstitution GHestablished GH institutional GHpowers GHto GHgovern GHaccording GHto GHthe
G H rule GHof GHlaw. GHWhile GHthe GHFramers GHrejected GHthe GHreligious GHhierarchy GHof
GHthe GHMiddle GHAges, G H they GHappealed GHto GHinalienable GHrights GHendowed GHupon
GHevery GHindividual GHby GHGod, GHper GHthe G H writings GHof GHJohn GHLocke, GHin GHwhich GHa
GHjust GHgovernment GHand GHsociety GHcould GHnot GHbe G H impeded.
Q4 What GHcircumstances GHled GHEuropeans GHto GHleave GHtheir GHhomelands GHto GHsettle GHin
GHAmerica?
A4 Individuals GHimmigrated GHto GHthe GHcolonies GHto GHescape GHreligious GHpersecution GHand
GHcivil G H unrest GHafter GHthe GHEnglish GHCivil GHWar GHand GHto GHpursue GHsocial GHand
GHeconomic GH opportunities. G H Colonists GHenjoyed GHa GHvast GHarray GHof GHnatural
GHresources GHand GHa GHlarge GH geographical GHarea G H where GHfreedom GHof GHreligion
GHand GHeconomic GHopportunity GH flourished. GHAlso, GHtheir G H heterogeneous GHsocial
GHcomposition GHas GHwell GHas GHcontinual GH promotion GHof GHideals, GHsuch GHas
G H equality GHand GHtolerance, GHtended GHto GHpromote GHpolitical GHfreedom GHat GHthe
GHsame GHtime GHthat G H social GHexpansion GHof GHthe GHpopulation GHwas GHoccurring.
Q5 What GHdid GHdemocracy GHmean GHto GHour GHcolonial GHancestors, GHand GHdid GHthey GHapprove
GHit?
A5 The GHcolonists GHwere GHskeptical GHof GHdemocracy GHand GHviewed GHthis GHtype GHof
GH governing G H authority GHas GHmob GHrule. GHSociety GHwas GHlargely GHseen GHas
GHsegmented GHinto GHthose GHwho GH should G H rule GHand GHthose GHwho GHshould GHnot. GHIn
GHfact, GHthe GHFounders GHbelieved GHthat GHthe GH elite GH(well- G H educated, GHland
GHowners) GHshould GHoccupy GHpositions GHof GHleadership. GHThus, GH an GHaristocratic
G H element GHwithin GHgovernment GHwas GHnecessary GHto GHprotect GHagainst GHthethreat
GHof GHmob GHrule G H historically GHassociated GHwith GHdemocracy. GHFundamentally, GHthe
GHidea GHof GHrepublicanism G H was GHpromoted GHas GHan GHideal GHat GHa GHhigher GHlevel
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
