BI 122 Exam 4 - GRCC Forbes UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct
Answers
Terms in this set (153)
Components of the Urinary System 1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Urinary Bladder
4. Urethra
, Functions of the Urinary System 1. Remove substances from blood, e.g., Nitrogen & Sulfur products
2. Regulate various metabolic processes, e.g., blood formation
3. Form urine
4. Regulate blood pressure
5. Maintain blood pH
Function of the Kidneys Regulate:
1. volume, composition, and pH of body fluids (via urine formation)
2. RBC formation (via erythropoietin)
3. Blood pressure
4. Absorption of Ca by activating vitamin D
5. Elimination of Nitrogen & Sulfur compounds, e.g., urea, uric acid
6. Formation and concentration of urine
Nephron Functional unit of the kidney.
What are the components of a nephron? 1. Renal Corpuscle
2. Renal Tubules
Renal Corpuscle Made up of:
1. Glomerulus
2. Glomerular Capsule
Glomerulus Tangle of blood arterioles
Glomerular Capsule Goes around the glomerulus
PATHOLOGY NOTE: Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomerulus resulting from infection,
Glomerulonephritis malaria, diabetes, toxins, etc.
Glomeruli become plugged with antigen/anti-body complexes followed by WBC
accumulation resulting in renal failure.
Renal Tube Flow Glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → nephron loop → distal
convoluted tubule → collecting duct
Steps of Urine Formation 1. (Glomerular) Filtration
2. (Tubular) Reabsorption
2. (Tubular) Secretion
Step 1: (Glomerular) Filtration Movement of substances from glomerulus into the glomerular capsule via
pressure (filtration) and concentration gradient (diffusion).
Proteins and other large molecules do not pass, resulting in an increased colloid
osmotic pressure pulling fluid back into glomerulus.
Diameter of afferent arterioles > efferent, resulting in an increased pressure in
afferent forces filtrate through glomerulus.
PATHOLOGY NOTE: If blood pressure drops, e.g., shock, afferent arteriole pressure decreases, which
What can lead to acute renal failure? results in the filtration rate decreasing, which leads to acute renal failure.
Step 2: (Tubular) Reabsorption Movement of substances from the tubular filtrate →interstitial fluid → peritubular
capillary via passive or active transport.
Answers
Terms in this set (153)
Components of the Urinary System 1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Urinary Bladder
4. Urethra
, Functions of the Urinary System 1. Remove substances from blood, e.g., Nitrogen & Sulfur products
2. Regulate various metabolic processes, e.g., blood formation
3. Form urine
4. Regulate blood pressure
5. Maintain blood pH
Function of the Kidneys Regulate:
1. volume, composition, and pH of body fluids (via urine formation)
2. RBC formation (via erythropoietin)
3. Blood pressure
4. Absorption of Ca by activating vitamin D
5. Elimination of Nitrogen & Sulfur compounds, e.g., urea, uric acid
6. Formation and concentration of urine
Nephron Functional unit of the kidney.
What are the components of a nephron? 1. Renal Corpuscle
2. Renal Tubules
Renal Corpuscle Made up of:
1. Glomerulus
2. Glomerular Capsule
Glomerulus Tangle of blood arterioles
Glomerular Capsule Goes around the glomerulus
PATHOLOGY NOTE: Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomerulus resulting from infection,
Glomerulonephritis malaria, diabetes, toxins, etc.
Glomeruli become plugged with antigen/anti-body complexes followed by WBC
accumulation resulting in renal failure.
Renal Tube Flow Glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → nephron loop → distal
convoluted tubule → collecting duct
Steps of Urine Formation 1. (Glomerular) Filtration
2. (Tubular) Reabsorption
2. (Tubular) Secretion
Step 1: (Glomerular) Filtration Movement of substances from glomerulus into the glomerular capsule via
pressure (filtration) and concentration gradient (diffusion).
Proteins and other large molecules do not pass, resulting in an increased colloid
osmotic pressure pulling fluid back into glomerulus.
Diameter of afferent arterioles > efferent, resulting in an increased pressure in
afferent forces filtrate through glomerulus.
PATHOLOGY NOTE: If blood pressure drops, e.g., shock, afferent arteriole pressure decreases, which
What can lead to acute renal failure? results in the filtration rate decreasing, which leads to acute renal failure.
Step 2: (Tubular) Reabsorption Movement of substances from the tubular filtrate →interstitial fluid → peritubular
capillary via passive or active transport.
