NURS 305 UPDATED EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE EXPLANATIONS 2026
> Hemoglobin? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Hematocrit? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Platelets? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Creatinine? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Sodium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Potassium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Lactate? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Blood Glucose? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Potassium chloride? Answer:Indications: Tx &/or prevention
hypokalemia, Off-label Tx DKA, nutritional supplement
> Potassium chloride Side Effects? Answer:Most common →
hyperkalemia; Others → abd pain, angioedema, anxiety, heart issues,
chest pain, chills, confusion, diarrhea, dyspnea, fatigue, fever, flatulence,
GI bleeding, GI obstruction, hypervolemia, hypoTN, infection, lethargy,
nausea, rash, seizures, thrombosis, vomiting, weakness
> Erythropoietin? Answer:Indications: Supports production of erythrocytes
in chronic renal failure, pre-operative anemia, chemotherapy, & zidovudine
therapy for HIV
> Renvela (Sevelamer)? Answer:Tx CKD pts on dialysis
> Renvela (Sevelamer) Side Effects? Answer:Most common → N/V/D,
dyspepsia; Others → abd pain, constipation, flatulence, infection
,> Baclofen? Answer:Tx spasticity & improve mobility in pts w/ multiple
sclerosis and other spinal cord lesions
> Baclofen Side Effects? Answer:Most common → confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache, hypotonia, N/V, weakness
> Botulinum toxin A (aka Abobotulinumtoxin A)? Answer:Tx cervical
dystonia, spasticity
> Botulinum toxin A Side Effects? Answer:Most common → cough, dry
mouth, dysphagia, fatigue, fever, infection, injection site reaction (burn &
itching), myasthenia, weakness
> Diazepam? Answer:Tx anxiety, acute alcohol w/drawal, skeletal muscle
spasms, seizure disorders
> Diazepam Side Effects? Answer:Most common → drowsiness, fatigue;
Others → abd pain, confusion, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, hypoTN,
peripheral vasodilation, rash
> Furosemide? Answer:Tx congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, renal disease,
pulmonary edema, mild to moderate HTN
> Furosemide Side Effects? Answer:Most common → hypokalemia,
hypomagnesmia; Others → abd pain, anemia, blurred vision, constipation,
DM, N/V/D, dizziness, edema, fever, headache, hearing loss, muscle
cramps, orthostatic hypoTN, photosensitivity, restlessness, syncope,
tinnitus, weakness
> Insulin? Answer:ADRs: Nursing Considerations:
> Dextrose (Glucose)? Answer:Tx hypoglycemia
> Dextrose (Glucose) Side Effects? Answer:Hyperglycemia, confusion,
dehydration, rash
> Acetaminophen (Tylenol)? Answer:Tx acute & chronic pain, fever
, > Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Side Effects? Answer:Most common → N/V;
Others → constipation, diarrhea, dyspnea, headache, HTN, peripheral
edema, pulmonary edema, wheezing
> Tacrolimus? Answer:Immunosuppressive agent used in organ
transplants (specifically for pts receiving a heart, kidney, liver, lung,
pancreas, small bowel, or bone marrow)
> Tacrolimus Side Effects? Answer:Most common → abd pain, agitation,
amnesia, anemia, angina, anuria, anxiety, ascites, AFib, back pain, blurred
vision, bradycardia, chest pain, confusion, constipation, cough,
dehydration, depression, DM, diaphoresis, dizziness, dyspnea, edema,
fatigue, fever, GI bleeding, hallucination, HF, hepatitis, impaired wound
healing, insomnia, jaundice, nausea, oliguria, paresthesias
> Cerebral Palsy (CP) Pathophysiology? Answer:A non-progressive,
unchanging, & permanent disorder or a group of disorders that affect
movement, muscle tone, and posture due to damage that occurred to the
immature developing brain → is the most common motor disability in
childhood!
> Cerebral Palsy (CP)? Answer:A neurological disorder that affects
movement and muscle coordination due to brain abnormalities.
> Spastic? Answer:Most common manifestation of CP characterized by
increased deep tendon reflexes, hypertonia, and contracted muscles.
> Diplegic? Answer:A type of CP where spasticity and motor difficulties
affect the legs more than the arms.
> Hemiplegic? Answer:A type of CP where spasticity and motor difficulties
affect one side of the body.
> Quadriplegic? Answer:A type of CP where spasticity and motor difficulties
affect all four extremities, often resulting in being bedridden or wheelchair
bound.
> Dyskinetic? Answer:Characterized by excessive involuntary movements,
abnormal tone, posture, and coordination.
WITH COMPLETE EXPLANATIONS 2026
> Hemoglobin? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Hematocrit? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Platelets? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Creatinine? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Sodium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Potassium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Lactate? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Blood Glucose? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Potassium chloride? Answer:Indications: Tx &/or prevention
hypokalemia, Off-label Tx DKA, nutritional supplement
> Potassium chloride Side Effects? Answer:Most common →
hyperkalemia; Others → abd pain, angioedema, anxiety, heart issues,
chest pain, chills, confusion, diarrhea, dyspnea, fatigue, fever, flatulence,
GI bleeding, GI obstruction, hypervolemia, hypoTN, infection, lethargy,
nausea, rash, seizures, thrombosis, vomiting, weakness
> Erythropoietin? Answer:Indications: Supports production of erythrocytes
in chronic renal failure, pre-operative anemia, chemotherapy, & zidovudine
therapy for HIV
> Renvela (Sevelamer)? Answer:Tx CKD pts on dialysis
> Renvela (Sevelamer) Side Effects? Answer:Most common → N/V/D,
dyspepsia; Others → abd pain, constipation, flatulence, infection
,> Baclofen? Answer:Tx spasticity & improve mobility in pts w/ multiple
sclerosis and other spinal cord lesions
> Baclofen Side Effects? Answer:Most common → confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache, hypotonia, N/V, weakness
> Botulinum toxin A (aka Abobotulinumtoxin A)? Answer:Tx cervical
dystonia, spasticity
> Botulinum toxin A Side Effects? Answer:Most common → cough, dry
mouth, dysphagia, fatigue, fever, infection, injection site reaction (burn &
itching), myasthenia, weakness
> Diazepam? Answer:Tx anxiety, acute alcohol w/drawal, skeletal muscle
spasms, seizure disorders
> Diazepam Side Effects? Answer:Most common → drowsiness, fatigue;
Others → abd pain, confusion, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, hypoTN,
peripheral vasodilation, rash
> Furosemide? Answer:Tx congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, renal disease,
pulmonary edema, mild to moderate HTN
> Furosemide Side Effects? Answer:Most common → hypokalemia,
hypomagnesmia; Others → abd pain, anemia, blurred vision, constipation,
DM, N/V/D, dizziness, edema, fever, headache, hearing loss, muscle
cramps, orthostatic hypoTN, photosensitivity, restlessness, syncope,
tinnitus, weakness
> Insulin? Answer:ADRs: Nursing Considerations:
> Dextrose (Glucose)? Answer:Tx hypoglycemia
> Dextrose (Glucose) Side Effects? Answer:Hyperglycemia, confusion,
dehydration, rash
> Acetaminophen (Tylenol)? Answer:Tx acute & chronic pain, fever
, > Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Side Effects? Answer:Most common → N/V;
Others → constipation, diarrhea, dyspnea, headache, HTN, peripheral
edema, pulmonary edema, wheezing
> Tacrolimus? Answer:Immunosuppressive agent used in organ
transplants (specifically for pts receiving a heart, kidney, liver, lung,
pancreas, small bowel, or bone marrow)
> Tacrolimus Side Effects? Answer:Most common → abd pain, agitation,
amnesia, anemia, angina, anuria, anxiety, ascites, AFib, back pain, blurred
vision, bradycardia, chest pain, confusion, constipation, cough,
dehydration, depression, DM, diaphoresis, dizziness, dyspnea, edema,
fatigue, fever, GI bleeding, hallucination, HF, hepatitis, impaired wound
healing, insomnia, jaundice, nausea, oliguria, paresthesias
> Cerebral Palsy (CP) Pathophysiology? Answer:A non-progressive,
unchanging, & permanent disorder or a group of disorders that affect
movement, muscle tone, and posture due to damage that occurred to the
immature developing brain → is the most common motor disability in
childhood!
> Cerebral Palsy (CP)? Answer:A neurological disorder that affects
movement and muscle coordination due to brain abnormalities.
> Spastic? Answer:Most common manifestation of CP characterized by
increased deep tendon reflexes, hypertonia, and contracted muscles.
> Diplegic? Answer:A type of CP where spasticity and motor difficulties
affect the legs more than the arms.
> Hemiplegic? Answer:A type of CP where spasticity and motor difficulties
affect one side of the body.
> Quadriplegic? Answer:A type of CP where spasticity and motor difficulties
affect all four extremities, often resulting in being bedridden or wheelchair
bound.
> Dyskinetic? Answer:Characterized by excessive involuntary movements,
abnormal tone, posture, and coordination.
