NURS 305 PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS WITH
FULL RATIONALES 2026
> FLACC Scale? Answer:A behavioral pain assessment tool that's used for
nonverbal or preverbal patients who cannot self-report their pain levels.
> FLACC Scale Categories? Answer:Has five categories: Face, Legs,
Activity, Cry, and Consolability → each scored from 0 to 2, resulting in a
total score from 0 to 10
> Oliguria? Answer:Decreased production of urine specifically x <
400mL/day
> Malaise? Answer:A general feeling of discomfort, illness, or lack of
overall well-being
> Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)? Answer:A common heart defect where
there's a hole in the wall (septum) between the heart's two lower chambers
(ventricles).
> Effluent? Answer:Waste products from the body
> Broviac Central Line? Answer:A type of central venous catheter surgically
placed in a large vein in the chest, typically used for long-term intravenous
(IV) access in children.
> Dialysate? Answer:A specialized fluid used in dialysis, a process that
helps remove waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are
not functioning properly.
> Kernicterus? Answer:A preventable yet potentially severe neurological
condition in newborns caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood.
> Orthotics? Answer:Devices you wear to relieve pain seen w/ various foot
& ankle conditions
> Hernia? Answer:An abnormal exit of a tissue or organ
,> Dehiscence? Answer:The separation or splitting open of a surgical
wound
> Phosphorus? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Calcium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Magnesium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels in
relationship to AKI/CKD
> CMP (complete metabolic panel)? Answer:Includes electrolytes: calcium,
sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride
> Alanine transaminase (ALT)? Answer:Know the significance of high/low
levels
> Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)? Answer:Know the significance of
high/low levels
> WBC? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> BUN? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Hemoglobin? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Hematocrit? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Platelets? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Creatinine? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Sodium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Potassium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Lactate? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Blood Glucose? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
, > Potassium chloride? Answer:Indications: Tx &/or prevention
hypokalemia, Off-label Tx DKA, nutritional supplement
> Potassium chloride Side Effects? Answer:Most common →
hyperkalemia; Others → abd pain, angioedema, anxiety, heart issues,
chest pain, chills, confusion, diarrhea, dyspnea, fatigue, fever, flatulence,
GI bleeding, GI obstruction, hypervolemia, hypoTN, infection, lethargy,
nausea, rash, seizures, thrombosis, vomiting, weakness
> Erythropoietin? Answer:Indications: Supports production of erythrocytes
in chronic renal failure, pre-operative anemia, chemotherapy, & zidovudine
therapy for HIV
> Renvela (Sevelamer)? Answer:Tx CKD pts on dialysis
> Renvela (Sevelamer) Side Effects? Answer:Most common → N/V/D,
dyspepsia; Others → abd pain, constipation, flatulence, infection
> Baclofen? Answer:Tx spasticity & improve mobility in pts w/ multiple
sclerosis and other spinal cord lesions
> Baclofen Side Effects? Answer:Most common → confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache, hypotonia, N/V, weakness
> Botulinum toxin A (aka Abobotulinumtoxin A)? Answer:Tx cervical
dystonia, spasticity
> Botulinum toxin A Side Effects? Answer:Most common → cough, dry
mouth, dysphagia, fatigue, fever, infection, injection site reaction (burn &
itching), myasthenia, weakness
> Diazepam? Answer:Tx anxiety, acute alcohol w/drawal, skeletal muscle
spasms, seizure disorders
> Diazepam Side Effects? Answer:Most common → drowsiness, fatigue;
Others → abd pain, confusion, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, hypoTN,
peripheral vasodilation, rash
> Furosemide? Answer:Tx congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, renal disease,
pulmonary edema, mild to moderate HTN
FULL RATIONALES 2026
> FLACC Scale? Answer:A behavioral pain assessment tool that's used for
nonverbal or preverbal patients who cannot self-report their pain levels.
> FLACC Scale Categories? Answer:Has five categories: Face, Legs,
Activity, Cry, and Consolability → each scored from 0 to 2, resulting in a
total score from 0 to 10
> Oliguria? Answer:Decreased production of urine specifically x <
400mL/day
> Malaise? Answer:A general feeling of discomfort, illness, or lack of
overall well-being
> Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)? Answer:A common heart defect where
there's a hole in the wall (septum) between the heart's two lower chambers
(ventricles).
> Effluent? Answer:Waste products from the body
> Broviac Central Line? Answer:A type of central venous catheter surgically
placed in a large vein in the chest, typically used for long-term intravenous
(IV) access in children.
> Dialysate? Answer:A specialized fluid used in dialysis, a process that
helps remove waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are
not functioning properly.
> Kernicterus? Answer:A preventable yet potentially severe neurological
condition in newborns caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood.
> Orthotics? Answer:Devices you wear to relieve pain seen w/ various foot
& ankle conditions
> Hernia? Answer:An abnormal exit of a tissue or organ
,> Dehiscence? Answer:The separation or splitting open of a surgical
wound
> Phosphorus? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Calcium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Magnesium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels in
relationship to AKI/CKD
> CMP (complete metabolic panel)? Answer:Includes electrolytes: calcium,
sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride
> Alanine transaminase (ALT)? Answer:Know the significance of high/low
levels
> Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)? Answer:Know the significance of
high/low levels
> WBC? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> BUN? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Hemoglobin? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Hematocrit? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Platelets? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Creatinine? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Sodium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Potassium? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Lactate? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
> Blood Glucose? Answer:Know the significance of high/low levels
, > Potassium chloride? Answer:Indications: Tx &/or prevention
hypokalemia, Off-label Tx DKA, nutritional supplement
> Potassium chloride Side Effects? Answer:Most common →
hyperkalemia; Others → abd pain, angioedema, anxiety, heart issues,
chest pain, chills, confusion, diarrhea, dyspnea, fatigue, fever, flatulence,
GI bleeding, GI obstruction, hypervolemia, hypoTN, infection, lethargy,
nausea, rash, seizures, thrombosis, vomiting, weakness
> Erythropoietin? Answer:Indications: Supports production of erythrocytes
in chronic renal failure, pre-operative anemia, chemotherapy, & zidovudine
therapy for HIV
> Renvela (Sevelamer)? Answer:Tx CKD pts on dialysis
> Renvela (Sevelamer) Side Effects? Answer:Most common → N/V/D,
dyspepsia; Others → abd pain, constipation, flatulence, infection
> Baclofen? Answer:Tx spasticity & improve mobility in pts w/ multiple
sclerosis and other spinal cord lesions
> Baclofen Side Effects? Answer:Most common → confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache, hypotonia, N/V, weakness
> Botulinum toxin A (aka Abobotulinumtoxin A)? Answer:Tx cervical
dystonia, spasticity
> Botulinum toxin A Side Effects? Answer:Most common → cough, dry
mouth, dysphagia, fatigue, fever, infection, injection site reaction (burn &
itching), myasthenia, weakness
> Diazepam? Answer:Tx anxiety, acute alcohol w/drawal, skeletal muscle
spasms, seizure disorders
> Diazepam Side Effects? Answer:Most common → drowsiness, fatigue;
Others → abd pain, confusion, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, hypoTN,
peripheral vasodilation, rash
> Furosemide? Answer:Tx congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, renal disease,
pulmonary edema, mild to moderate HTN
