SCI 225 Pathophysiology Midterm Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update !!

SCI 225 Pathophysiology Midterm Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update !! 1. An infant is diagnosed with noncommunicating hydrocephalus. What is an immediate priority concern for this patient? A. Metabolic edema B. Interstitial edema C. Vasogenic edema D. Ischemic edema - Correct Answer: An immediate concern for the infant with non-communicating hydrocephalus is interstitial edema. Neither metabolic, vasogenic, nor ischemic edema is observed as a result of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. 2. An infant is diagnosed with noncommunicating hydrocephalus. What is an immediate priority concern for this patient? a) Metabolic edema b) Interstitial edema c) Vasogenic edema d) Ischemic edema - Correct Answer: An immediate concern for the infant with noncommunicating hydrocephalus is interstitial edema. Neither metabolic, vasogenic, nor ischemic edema is observed as a result of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. 3. What is the main source of bleeding in extradural (epidural) hematomas? A. Arterial B. Venous C. Capillary D. Sinus - Correct Answer: An artery is the source of bleeding in 85% of extradural hematomas. The bleeding associated with an extradural hematoma is not a result of damage to a vein, a capillary, or a sinus. 4. A coup injury resulting from a blow to the frontal portion of the skull would occur in which region of the brain? A. Frontal B. Temporal C. Parietal D. Occipital - Correct Answer: When there is force applied to the skull, an injury may occur to the corresponding location on the brain. The injury may be coup (injury at site of impact) or con recoup (injury from brain rebounding and hitting opposite side of skull). 5. A 69-year-old patient with a history of alcohol abuse presents to the emergency room (ER) after a month-long episode of headaches and confusion. The patient's history and symptomology support which medical diagnosis? A. Concussion B. Chronic subdural hematoma C. Epidural hematoma D. Subacute subdural hematoma - Correct Answer: Chronic subdural hematomas are commonly found in persons who abuse alcohol and develop over weeks to months. A concussion is more acute in nature. Epidural hematomas are not associated with the patient's history or symptoms. Subacute subdural hematomas present with confusion but are more acute in nature. 6. An infant has an anterior midline defect of neural tube closure. What term will tire nurse observe written on the chart? A. Anencephaly B. Myelodysplasia C. Cyclopia D. Hydrocephalus - Correct Answer: Cyclopia is an example of an anterior midline defect that may cause brain and face abnormalities. In anencephaly, the soft, bony component of the skull and part of the brain are missing. Myelodysplasia is a posterior neural tube disorder. Hydrocephalus is associated with accelerated head growth. 7. A 10 year old presents with headache and seizures. CT scan reveals a tumor that is located near the pituitary gland. Which of the following is the most likely tumor type? A. Astrocytoma B. Craniopharyngioma C. Ependymoma D. Medulloblastoma - Correct Answer: A craniopharyngioma originates from the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. Symptoms include headache, seizures, diabetes insipidus, early onset of puberty, and growth delay. Astrocytomas are located on the surface of the right or left cerebellar hemisphere and cause unilateral symptoms (occurring on the same side as the tumor), such as head tilt, limb ataxia, and nystagmus. Ependymoma develops in the fourth ventricle and arises from the ependymal cells that line the ventricular system. Medulloblastoma occurs as an invasive malignant tumor that develops in the vermis of the cerebellum and may extend into the fourth ventricle. Because both tumors are located in the posterior fossa region along the midline, presenting signs and symptoms are similar and are usually related to hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure. 8. What is the most common type of cerebral palsy? A. Ataxic B. Dystonic C. Spastic D. Mixed - Correct Answer: Spastic cerebral palsy accounts for approximately 70%- 80% of cerebral palsy cases. Ataxic cerebral palsy accounts for 5%-10% of cerebral palsy cases. Dystonic cerebral palsy accounts for 10%-20% of cerebral palsy cases. Mixed cases account for 13% of cerebral palsy cases. 9. What term is used to describe a premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 months of life? A. Craniosynostosis B. Congential hydrocephalus C. Microcephaly D. Acrania - Correct Answer: Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures. Congenital hydrocephalus is characterized by enlargement of the cerebral ventricles. Microcephaly is lack of brain growth with retarded mental and motor development. In acrania, the cranial vault is almost completely absent; an extensive defect of the vertebral column is often present. 10. What is the earliest manifestation of diabetes-induced kidney dysfunction? A. Polyuria B. Glycosuria C. Microalbuminuria D. Decreased glomerular filtration - Correct Answer: Polyuria occurs due to increased fluid in the vascular space, and microalbuminuria is the earliest manifestation. While glycosuria occurs due to hyperglycemia, it is not the first sign of kidney dysfunction. Decreased glomerular filtration and polyuria can occur due to changes, but neither are initial manifestations.