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Module question: Give an overview of the types of physical changes that occur in
early adulthood. Why is this type of development considered multidirectional? -
ANSWER-The list given in this module shows an overview of certain types of
physical decline:
-Maximum heart rate may gradually decrease
-Respiratory capacity gradually decreases (becomes noticeable after age 25 under
heavy exercise conditions)
-Lens of the eye stiffens, thickens
-Sensitivity to sound at high frequencies decreases
-Fast-twitch muscles decline in size and amount
Multidirectional indicates that there are both declines and improvements in the
same person during this time period.
Module question: What did this Module say about differences in sexual behavior
between married and unmarried couples? - ANSWER-Married couples report
having more sex than unmarried individuals.
Module question: How would you summarize the information on the likelihood of
couples divorcing? Were you surprised by any of the information regarding
divorce statistics? Why or why not? - ANSWER-Your answer should include the
following: a discussion of how the "50%" figure is not a literal number but is rather
a projection of the likelihood of couples to divorce at the present time. This rate
might be much higher or much lower for any particular couple. If you reverse the
trends discussed in this module, you can see that the odds for a particular couple to
get a divorce are higher if: money is tight, if the couple have a child before
marrying, if at least one partner was a child of a divorce, if neither partner is
religious, and if one partner never attended college.
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,Module question: How would you summarize postformal thought? How does
postformal thought differ from Piaget's formal operations? - ANSWER-Although
different theories describe this stage (and although there is controversy over
whether adults actually reach this stage!), it generally consists of being able to
reflect and make more complex judgments, and seeing multiple perspectives and
points of view.
Although people in formal operations demonstrate abstract thinking, postformal
thought shows more flexibility and humility as people see multiple perspectives.
Module question: Can you see examples of postformal thinking in your own life or
in the lives of others you know? How would you classify that example using
Perry's stages? - ANSWER-[Note]Answers will vary, but should identify one of
Perry's 3 stages (dualistic, multiple thinking, commitment within relativism).
An example of postformal thinking in my life might be how I approach political
debates. In my younger years, I may have thought in more dualistic terms—
believing my viewpoint was "right" and the opposing side was "wrong." Over time,
I've come to recognize that many issues have multiple valid perspectives and that
understanding different viewpoints requires considering the complexities and
nuances behind them. For instance, when discussing healthcare policy, I can see
valid concerns on both sides of the debate, such as the need for universal
healthcare and the challenges of its funding. This shift from black-and-white
thinking to appreciating multiple perspectives aligns with Perry's multiple thinking
stage. Additionally, after reflecting on the different viewpoints, I've made an
informed decision about what I believe should be prioritized in policy, which
aligns with commitment within relativism, recognizing the validity of other
perspectives but making a commitment to my own beliefs based on the information
and arguments I find most compelling.
Module question: Describe Sternberg's three components of love. - ANSWER-
Intimacy: emotional connectedness, involves warm communication. Passion:
biological closeness, sexual and romantic feelings. Commitment: cognitive
component, a decision to stay together.
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, Module question: Choose three of the 7 types of love discussed in this module and
create a profile of a fictional couple that exemplifies these types of love. -
ANSWER-Lena and Jake's relationship evolves through three types of love as
described by Sternberg. Initially, they experience infatuation, marked by intense
passion and physical attraction with little emotional connection or commitment.
Over time, their relationship deepens into companionate love, where their
emotional bond grows, and they commit to each other's well-being, though the
initial passion fades. Years later, their love matures into consummate love, where
they combine intimacy, passion, and commitment, resulting in a deep, lasting
connection. Their journey reflects how love can evolve from excitement and
physical attraction to a stable, fulfilling partnership, with each stage building upon
the previous one.
Module question: Identify common symptoms of menopause. - ANSWER-Mood
fluctuations, hot flashes, shrinking of reproductive organs, difficulties becoming
sexually aroused, decreased skin elasticity, loss of bone mass, raised blood
pressure.
Module question: Why don't all women experience symptoms of menopause? -
ANSWER-A woman's experience of menopause depends on a variety of factors,
including race and culture.
Module question: What are the pros and cons of hormone therapy? - ANSWER-
Pros: Most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms, protect against
osteoporosis. Cons: Increased risk of certain cancers—breast, uterine, heart attack,
stroke in some women.
Module question: What cognitive improvements can be observed in middle age,
according to the Seattle Longitudinal Study? - ANSWER-Verbal
abilities/increased vocabulary, spatial reasoning, simple math/problem solving,
abstract reasoning.
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