NUR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1 2026/2027
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Etiology Cause of particular disease on microscopic
level
Pathogenesis Story of how disease develops
Atrophy Decrease in the size of the cells, results in
reduced tissue mass
Hypertrophy Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue
mass
Hyperplasia Increased number of cells, results in enlarged
tissue mass
Metaplasia Mature cell type is replaced by a different
mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells
lose cilia
Dysplasia Cells are different looking varying in size and
shape
Neoplasia New growth, commonly a tumor. May be
, malignant or benign
Apoptosis Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in
the body
Ischemia Deficit of oxygen in the cells
Hypoxia Reduced oxygen in the tissues
Iatrogenic illness or disease process because a medical
process was done ex: CAUTI
Autosomal Recessive Has to have two recessive genes to have
Disorders disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier
ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-
Sachs
Cystic fibrosis autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick
mucous secretions
PKU (phenylketonuria) autosomal recessive disorder that causes an
inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can
cause mental retardation. Pt must follow
strict very low protein diet
Tay-Sachs autosomal recessive disorder that causes an
enzyme to not be produced causing fatty
proteins build up causing destruction of
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Etiology Cause of particular disease on microscopic
level
Pathogenesis Story of how disease develops
Atrophy Decrease in the size of the cells, results in
reduced tissue mass
Hypertrophy Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue
mass
Hyperplasia Increased number of cells, results in enlarged
tissue mass
Metaplasia Mature cell type is replaced by a different
mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells
lose cilia
Dysplasia Cells are different looking varying in size and
shape
Neoplasia New growth, commonly a tumor. May be
, malignant or benign
Apoptosis Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in
the body
Ischemia Deficit of oxygen in the cells
Hypoxia Reduced oxygen in the tissues
Iatrogenic illness or disease process because a medical
process was done ex: CAUTI
Autosomal Recessive Has to have two recessive genes to have
Disorders disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier
ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-
Sachs
Cystic fibrosis autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick
mucous secretions
PKU (phenylketonuria) autosomal recessive disorder that causes an
inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can
cause mental retardation. Pt must follow
strict very low protein diet
Tay-Sachs autosomal recessive disorder that causes an
enzyme to not be produced causing fatty
proteins build up causing destruction of
