kns 350 exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct Answers
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Terms in this set (191)
What is the difference between life expectancy and Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live, while
premature death? premature death is death occurring before the average age of death in a
population.
How does the USA generally compare to other countries The USA generally ranks lower in life expectancy compared to many other
regarding life expectancy? developed nations.
What does the Global Burden of Disease Study report It identifies low physical activity as a significant risk factor associated with
regarding physical activity and all-cause mortality? increased all-cause mortality.
What is the general association between physical activity Higher levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of all-cause
and all-cause mortality? mortality.
What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)? A condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries,
usually caused by atherosclerosis.
What is the etiology of atherosclerosis? The buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls,
which can restrict blood flow.
Where does atherosclerosis occur in the context of Specifically within the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.
CHD?
How does CHD rank among causes of death in the US It is consistently one of the leading causes of death both in the US and
and globally? worldwide.
What is the difference between modifiable and non- Non-modifiable factors cannot be changed (e.g., age, genetics), while modifiable
modifiable risk factors for CHD? factors can be altered through lifestyle changes (e.g., physical activity, diet).
What is the London Bus Study? A landmark study that compared the heart disease risk of active bus conductors
to sedentary bus drivers, highlighting the protective effect of physical activity.
What is Population Attributable Risk (PAR)? A statistical measure representing the proportion of disease cases in a population
that could be prevented if a specific risk factor were eliminated.
What are Mill's Canons in the context of epidemiology? A set of criteria used to determine causal relationships between an exposure (like
physical activity) and an outcome (like disease).
What is the primary difference between ischemic and Ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain, while
intracerebral stroke? intracerebral stroke is caused by bleeding within the brain.
, How is stroke etiology similar to CHD etiology? Both are frequently caused by atherosclerosis and the resulting restriction of
blood flow through arteries.
What is a dose-response curve in the context of physical A graphical representation showing that as the dose (intensity/duration) of
activity and stroke? physical activity increases, the risk of stroke typically decreases.
What is the significance of the Nurses' Health Study? A large-scale prospective cohort study that has provided extensive data on the
relationship between lifestyle factors, including physical activity, and chronic
disease risk in women.
What does the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study The relationship between physical fitness levels, measured by treadmill tests, and
examine? the incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality.
What is the Harvard Alumni Health Survey? A long-term study tracking the health outcomes of Harvard graduates, focusing
on the impact of physical activity levels on longevity and disease.
What region in the US typically has the highest all-cause The Southeastern United States, often referred to as the 'Stroke Belt' or areas with
mortality rates? high chronic disease burden.
What is the role of physical activity intensity in reducing Research generally shows that even moderate-intensity physical activity provides
all-cause mortality? significant protective benefits against mortality.
What is the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study? A study focused on identifying risk factors for stroke in a diverse urban
population, contributing to understanding the role of physical activity in stroke
prevention.
What are the three core objectives of the course Critically evaluate scientific literature, build a foundation on PA's role in reducing
regarding physical activity and health? chronic disease risk, and discuss PA across different settings.
What are the five components of the general approach Etiology, definition of outcome, relationship with physical activity, evaluation of
for evaluating health outcomes in this course? evidence strength (Mills Canon), and highlighting significant studies.
What is all-cause mortality? The risk of people dying from any cause, providing a broad perspective on public
health.
What is the difference between preventable and non- Preventable deaths can be avoided through behavioral changes, while non-
preventable deaths? preventable deaths are due to factors beyond control like genetics or accidents.
What three categories of factors allow researchers to Lifestyle behaviors, medical interventions, and environmental conditions.
evaluate general public health?
Why do researchers use all-cause mortality in physical It avoids the complexities and potential biases associated with categorizing
activity epidemiology? deaths by specific causes.
What are four external variables that researchers must Age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and medical history.
consider when investigating mortality rates?
How is life expectancy defined? A statistical measure indicating the average number of years a person can expect
to live based on current mortality rates.
C
Terms in this set (191)
What is the difference between life expectancy and Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live, while
premature death? premature death is death occurring before the average age of death in a
population.
How does the USA generally compare to other countries The USA generally ranks lower in life expectancy compared to many other
regarding life expectancy? developed nations.
What does the Global Burden of Disease Study report It identifies low physical activity as a significant risk factor associated with
regarding physical activity and all-cause mortality? increased all-cause mortality.
What is the general association between physical activity Higher levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of all-cause
and all-cause mortality? mortality.
What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)? A condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries,
usually caused by atherosclerosis.
What is the etiology of atherosclerosis? The buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls,
which can restrict blood flow.
Where does atherosclerosis occur in the context of Specifically within the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.
CHD?
How does CHD rank among causes of death in the US It is consistently one of the leading causes of death both in the US and
and globally? worldwide.
What is the difference between modifiable and non- Non-modifiable factors cannot be changed (e.g., age, genetics), while modifiable
modifiable risk factors for CHD? factors can be altered through lifestyle changes (e.g., physical activity, diet).
What is the London Bus Study? A landmark study that compared the heart disease risk of active bus conductors
to sedentary bus drivers, highlighting the protective effect of physical activity.
What is Population Attributable Risk (PAR)? A statistical measure representing the proportion of disease cases in a population
that could be prevented if a specific risk factor were eliminated.
What are Mill's Canons in the context of epidemiology? A set of criteria used to determine causal relationships between an exposure (like
physical activity) and an outcome (like disease).
What is the primary difference between ischemic and Ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain, while
intracerebral stroke? intracerebral stroke is caused by bleeding within the brain.
, How is stroke etiology similar to CHD etiology? Both are frequently caused by atherosclerosis and the resulting restriction of
blood flow through arteries.
What is a dose-response curve in the context of physical A graphical representation showing that as the dose (intensity/duration) of
activity and stroke? physical activity increases, the risk of stroke typically decreases.
What is the significance of the Nurses' Health Study? A large-scale prospective cohort study that has provided extensive data on the
relationship between lifestyle factors, including physical activity, and chronic
disease risk in women.
What does the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study The relationship between physical fitness levels, measured by treadmill tests, and
examine? the incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality.
What is the Harvard Alumni Health Survey? A long-term study tracking the health outcomes of Harvard graduates, focusing
on the impact of physical activity levels on longevity and disease.
What region in the US typically has the highest all-cause The Southeastern United States, often referred to as the 'Stroke Belt' or areas with
mortality rates? high chronic disease burden.
What is the role of physical activity intensity in reducing Research generally shows that even moderate-intensity physical activity provides
all-cause mortality? significant protective benefits against mortality.
What is the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study? A study focused on identifying risk factors for stroke in a diverse urban
population, contributing to understanding the role of physical activity in stroke
prevention.
What are the three core objectives of the course Critically evaluate scientific literature, build a foundation on PA's role in reducing
regarding physical activity and health? chronic disease risk, and discuss PA across different settings.
What are the five components of the general approach Etiology, definition of outcome, relationship with physical activity, evaluation of
for evaluating health outcomes in this course? evidence strength (Mills Canon), and highlighting significant studies.
What is all-cause mortality? The risk of people dying from any cause, providing a broad perspective on public
health.
What is the difference between preventable and non- Preventable deaths can be avoided through behavioral changes, while non-
preventable deaths? preventable deaths are due to factors beyond control like genetics or accidents.
What three categories of factors allow researchers to Lifestyle behaviors, medical interventions, and environmental conditions.
evaluate general public health?
Why do researchers use all-cause mortality in physical It avoids the complexities and potential biases associated with categorizing
activity epidemiology? deaths by specific causes.
What are four external variables that researchers must Age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and medical history.
consider when investigating mortality rates?
How is life expectancy defined? A statistical measure indicating the average number of years a person can expect
to live based on current mortality rates.
