BCIT CARD 2202 – FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS.
Which lead is the ground lead? - ANS Right leg
Who wrote a popular eletrocardiography textbook based on Willem Einthoven's findings? -
ANS Thomas Lewis
Who demonstrated the first human ECG? - ANS Augustus Waller
The midpoint of the axis of the unipolar lead, found at the center of the heart, has what
polarity? - ANS Zero potential
The 12 lead ECG consists of ___ augmented leads, ___ standard leads and ___ unipolar leads. -
ANS 3 3 6
precordial leads - ANS Six EKG leads placed on the anterior chest to record electrical activity
of the heart, mainly the electrical impulses originating in the ventricles or the heart's anterior
wall
Einthoven's Law - ANS Lead 1 + Lead 3 = Lead 2
If interference is found on lead II and III, the sensor on which limb is likely the source of
interference? - ANS Left leg
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,The following are roles of the cardiology technologist with respect to electrocardiography? -
ANS 1)
Recognize and eliminate artifacts.
2)
Prepare patient for recording procedure.
3)
Maintain and conduct minor repairs of the electrocardiograph.
4)
Be knowledgeable in all the various recording techniques.
5)
Accurately place all leads for recording an electrocardiogram.
The purpose of the ground lead is to keep the average voltage of the patient the same as that of
the recording instrument. - ANS True
The electrocardiogram consists of 12 leads grouped as follows: - ANS 3 standard bi-polar limb
leads
3 augmented limb leads
6 unipolar pre-cordial or chest leads
Standard Limb leads - ANS Leads I, II, II are also known as bi-polar leads, as each lead uses
two of the three active sensors.
Right arm lead - ANS negative in lead 1
negative in lead 2
left arm lead - ANS positive in lead 1
negative in lead 3
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, left leg lead - ANS positive in lead 2
positive in lead 3
Unipolar Precordial Leads - ANS The three unipolar limb leads are designated AVR, AVL and
AVF.
Unipolar because each specific lead represents the heart's electrical forces recorded from that
specific limb's electrode.
Hexaxial reference system
chest leads (precordial leads) - ANS V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 record the difference in potential
between the chest and the neutral (zero) reference.
Modern electrocardiograph machines typically: - ANS based on digital technology for more
accurate and precise information, as well as faster and easier transmission and storage of data.
Voltage - ANS The potential energy of a charge due to an electric field.
Electrically sensitive patient - ANS A patient that has a direct communication to their heart to
the outside.
Electrical current - ANS The flow of electrons through a conductor when a difference in
electrical potential exists between two points.
Direct current - ANS The flow of electrons in one direction.
Alternating current - ANS The cyclical flow of electrons that alternate back and forth.
2026 STUDY MATERIAL @COPYRIGHT RESERVED 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS.
Which lead is the ground lead? - ANS Right leg
Who wrote a popular eletrocardiography textbook based on Willem Einthoven's findings? -
ANS Thomas Lewis
Who demonstrated the first human ECG? - ANS Augustus Waller
The midpoint of the axis of the unipolar lead, found at the center of the heart, has what
polarity? - ANS Zero potential
The 12 lead ECG consists of ___ augmented leads, ___ standard leads and ___ unipolar leads. -
ANS 3 3 6
precordial leads - ANS Six EKG leads placed on the anterior chest to record electrical activity
of the heart, mainly the electrical impulses originating in the ventricles or the heart's anterior
wall
Einthoven's Law - ANS Lead 1 + Lead 3 = Lead 2
If interference is found on lead II and III, the sensor on which limb is likely the source of
interference? - ANS Left leg
2026 STUDY MATERIAL @COPYRIGHT RESERVED 1
,The following are roles of the cardiology technologist with respect to electrocardiography? -
ANS 1)
Recognize and eliminate artifacts.
2)
Prepare patient for recording procedure.
3)
Maintain and conduct minor repairs of the electrocardiograph.
4)
Be knowledgeable in all the various recording techniques.
5)
Accurately place all leads for recording an electrocardiogram.
The purpose of the ground lead is to keep the average voltage of the patient the same as that of
the recording instrument. - ANS True
The electrocardiogram consists of 12 leads grouped as follows: - ANS 3 standard bi-polar limb
leads
3 augmented limb leads
6 unipolar pre-cordial or chest leads
Standard Limb leads - ANS Leads I, II, II are also known as bi-polar leads, as each lead uses
two of the three active sensors.
Right arm lead - ANS negative in lead 1
negative in lead 2
left arm lead - ANS positive in lead 1
negative in lead 3
2026 STUDY MATERIAL @COPYRIGHT RESERVED 2
, left leg lead - ANS positive in lead 2
positive in lead 3
Unipolar Precordial Leads - ANS The three unipolar limb leads are designated AVR, AVL and
AVF.
Unipolar because each specific lead represents the heart's electrical forces recorded from that
specific limb's electrode.
Hexaxial reference system
chest leads (precordial leads) - ANS V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 record the difference in potential
between the chest and the neutral (zero) reference.
Modern electrocardiograph machines typically: - ANS based on digital technology for more
accurate and precise information, as well as faster and easier transmission and storage of data.
Voltage - ANS The potential energy of a charge due to an electric field.
Electrically sensitive patient - ANS A patient that has a direct communication to their heart to
the outside.
Electrical current - ANS The flow of electrons through a conductor when a difference in
electrical potential exists between two points.
Direct current - ANS The flow of electrons in one direction.
Alternating current - ANS The cyclical flow of electrons that alternate back and forth.
2026 STUDY MATERIAL @COPYRIGHT RESERVED 3
