TCDHA PHARM FINAL PAPER 2026 TEST
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
VERIFIED
●● What is schizophrenia?.
Answer: The most common type of psychosis characterized by a loss of
perception of reality.
●● What are affective disorders?.
Answer: Disorders that include depression and bipolar disorder, often
related to chemical imbalances in the brain.
●● What is the treatment for anxiety disorders?.
Answer: Minor tranquilizers, specifically benzodiazepines such as
clonazepam.
●● What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?.
Answer: A treatment for depression that produces faster results and is
used for patients who do not respond to antidepressants.
●● What should be considered when treating patients with mental
disorders?.
Answer: Communication, compliance with medication, and suicide risk.
,●● What are the two generations of antipsychotic agents?.
Answer: First-generation (primarily dopamine antagonists) and second-
generation (act on multiple receptors).
●● What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?.
Answer: Agitation, hallucinations, delusions, and unwanted thoughts.
●● What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?.
Answer: Apathy, social withdrawal, blunted effect, and lack of pleasure.
●● What is the mechanism of action for first-generation antipsychotics?.
Answer: They primarily act as dopamine antagonists, blocking
postsynaptic dopamine receptors.
●● What is a key difference between first-generation and second-
generation antipsychotics?.
Answer: Second-generation antipsychotics have action at more than one
receptor, improving efficacy and reducing side effects.
●● What are some common side effects of first-generation
antipsychotics?.
Answer: Sedation, extrapyramidal effects, orthostatic hypotension, and
anticholinergic effects.
, ●● What is the antipsychotic effect of first-generation agents?.
Answer: They slow psychomotor activity and calm emotions,
suppressing hallucinations and delusions.
●● What is the antiemetic effect of first-generation antipsychotics?.
Answer: It results from the depression of the chemoreceptor trigger zone
(CTZ) and can be used to treat hiccups.
●● What is the significance of sedation in antipsychotic treatment?.
Answer: The degree of sedation can influence which antipsychotic agent
is prescribed, with tolerance developing to sedation but not to the
antipsychotic effect.
●● What is the treatment for bipolar disorder?.
Answer: Antidepressants and lithium.
●● What are psychophysiologic disorders?.
Answer: Disorders that have an emotional origin but manifest as
physiological symptoms.
●● What is the role of neurotransmitters in affective disorders?.
Answer: Low levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are
often implicated in these disorders.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
VERIFIED
●● What is schizophrenia?.
Answer: The most common type of psychosis characterized by a loss of
perception of reality.
●● What are affective disorders?.
Answer: Disorders that include depression and bipolar disorder, often
related to chemical imbalances in the brain.
●● What is the treatment for anxiety disorders?.
Answer: Minor tranquilizers, specifically benzodiazepines such as
clonazepam.
●● What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?.
Answer: A treatment for depression that produces faster results and is
used for patients who do not respond to antidepressants.
●● What should be considered when treating patients with mental
disorders?.
Answer: Communication, compliance with medication, and suicide risk.
,●● What are the two generations of antipsychotic agents?.
Answer: First-generation (primarily dopamine antagonists) and second-
generation (act on multiple receptors).
●● What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?.
Answer: Agitation, hallucinations, delusions, and unwanted thoughts.
●● What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?.
Answer: Apathy, social withdrawal, blunted effect, and lack of pleasure.
●● What is the mechanism of action for first-generation antipsychotics?.
Answer: They primarily act as dopamine antagonists, blocking
postsynaptic dopamine receptors.
●● What is a key difference between first-generation and second-
generation antipsychotics?.
Answer: Second-generation antipsychotics have action at more than one
receptor, improving efficacy and reducing side effects.
●● What are some common side effects of first-generation
antipsychotics?.
Answer: Sedation, extrapyramidal effects, orthostatic hypotension, and
anticholinergic effects.
, ●● What is the antipsychotic effect of first-generation agents?.
Answer: They slow psychomotor activity and calm emotions,
suppressing hallucinations and delusions.
●● What is the antiemetic effect of first-generation antipsychotics?.
Answer: It results from the depression of the chemoreceptor trigger zone
(CTZ) and can be used to treat hiccups.
●● What is the significance of sedation in antipsychotic treatment?.
Answer: The degree of sedation can influence which antipsychotic agent
is prescribed, with tolerance developing to sedation but not to the
antipsychotic effect.
●● What is the treatment for bipolar disorder?.
Answer: Antidepressants and lithium.
●● What are psychophysiologic disorders?.
Answer: Disorders that have an emotional origin but manifest as
physiological symptoms.
●● What is the role of neurotransmitters in affective disorders?.
Answer: Low levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are
often implicated in these disorders.
