Human Physiology Notes – Digestive to
Excretory Systems
1. Introduction to Human Physiology:
Human physiology is the scientific study of how the human
body functions. It explains how organs, tissues, and cells
interact to maintain balance (homeostasis). Each organ
system performs a unique role, but all systems are
interconnected and depend on each other for survival.
2. Digestive System:
1 Function.
The digestive system is responsible for the breakdown of food
into smaller molecules that the body can absorb and use for
energy, growth, and repair.
2 Major Organs.
1. Mouth – Digestion begins here as food is chewed and
mixed with saliva.
2. Esophagus – Transports food to the stomach through
peristaltic movement.
3. Stomach – Secretes gastric juices that chemically break
down proteins.
, 4. Small Intestine – Most nutrient absorption occurs here
with the help of enzymes and bile.
5. Large Intestine – Absorbs water and paperwork solid
waste.
6. Rectum and Anus – Store and expel undigested waste.
Diagram :
Excretory Systems
1. Introduction to Human Physiology:
Human physiology is the scientific study of how the human
body functions. It explains how organs, tissues, and cells
interact to maintain balance (homeostasis). Each organ
system performs a unique role, but all systems are
interconnected and depend on each other for survival.
2. Digestive System:
1 Function.
The digestive system is responsible for the breakdown of food
into smaller molecules that the body can absorb and use for
energy, growth, and repair.
2 Major Organs.
1. Mouth – Digestion begins here as food is chewed and
mixed with saliva.
2. Esophagus – Transports food to the stomach through
peristaltic movement.
3. Stomach – Secretes gastric juices that chemically break
down proteins.
, 4. Small Intestine – Most nutrient absorption occurs here
with the help of enzymes and bile.
5. Large Intestine – Absorbs water and paperwork solid
waste.
6. Rectum and Anus – Store and expel undigested waste.
Diagram :
