SOLUTION MANUAL
Elementary Statistics in Social Research, Updated Edition, 12th edition
by Jack A. Levin, James Alan Fox
LU
XE
LI
BR
AR
Y
, TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
2. Organizing the Data
3. Measures of Central Tendency
4. Measures of Variability
5. Probability and the Normal Curve
6. Samples and Populations
LU
7. Testing Differences between Means
8. Analysis of Variance
9. Nonparametric Tests of Significance
XE
10. Correlation
11. Regression Analysis
12. Nonparametric Measures of Correlation
LI
13. Choosing Statistical Procedures for Research Problems
BR
AR
Y
,Solutions Manual Chapter 1:
Elementary Statistics in Social Research Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
Chapter 1: Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
1. A sociologist collects information from high school teachers about their job
satisfaction. For each of the following items, indicate the level of measurement—
nominal, ordinal, or interval:
a. What field of study do you teach? Math, Science, Social Studies, English,
or Other?
b. How many students do you have in a class?
c. On a five-point scale (from strongly favorable to strongly unfavorable),
LU
how do you feel about your work?
d. How many years have you been teaching?
Answer:
a. Nominal
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b. Interval
c. Ordinal
d. Interval
2. A political scientist asks a series of questions to gauge how politically active
LI
individuals are. For each of the following items, indicate the level of measurement
—nominal, ordinal, or interval:
a. Did you vote in the last election? Yes or No?
b. With which political party do you identify? Democrat, Republican, or
BR
Independent?
c. How often do you vote in elections? Never, Rarely, Sometimes, or
Always?
d. On a 0–10 scale, how “extreme” do you consider your views? 0 is
equivalent to mainstream and 10 is equivalent to radical.
AR
e. What level of education have you attained? Bachelor’s, Master’s, or
Doctorate?
f. Do you coach a school sports team? Yes or No?
Answer:
a. Nominal
Y
b. Nominal
c. Ordinal
d. Interval
e. Ordinal
f. Nominal
, Solutions Manual Chapter 1:
Elementary Statistics in Social Research Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
3. A sociologist undertakes a series of studies to investigate various aspects of sports
violence. For each of the following research situations, identify the research
strategy (experiment, survey, content analysis, or participant observation) and the
independent and dependent variables:
a. Do male and female sports reporters describe combative sporting events
(such as football) in the same way? To find out, the sociologist collects the
game reports filed by a number of male and female newspaper writers on
the day following the Super Bowl. He compares the aggressiveness
contained in the adjectives used by the reporters to describe the game.
LU
b. Do children react differently after watching combative and noncombative
sports? To find out, the sociologist randomly assigns school children to
watch taped versions of either a hockey game (combative) or a swimming
meet (noncombative). She then observes the aggressiveness of play
demonstrated by the children immediately following their viewing of the
XE
tapes.
c. Are fans more aggressive when their team wins or loses? To find out, the
sociologist spends his Saturdays in a sports bar that features the local
college game on wide-screen television. He dresses in a team sweatshirt
and becomes one of the crowd. At the same time, he observes the extent
LI
of arguing and fighting that goes on around him when the team is winning
and losing.
d. Do levels of personal aggressiveness influence the kinds of sporting
BR
events that people prefer to watch? To find out, the sociologist distributes
a questionnaire to a random sample of adults. In addition to standard
background information, the questionnaire includes a series of items
measuring aggressiveness (for example, “How often do you get involved
in heated arguments with neighbors or friends?”) and a checklist of which
sports the respondents like to watch.
AR
Y
Elementary Statistics in Social Research, Updated Edition, 12th edition
by Jack A. Levin, James Alan Fox
LU
XE
LI
BR
AR
Y
, TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
2. Organizing the Data
3. Measures of Central Tendency
4. Measures of Variability
5. Probability and the Normal Curve
6. Samples and Populations
LU
7. Testing Differences between Means
8. Analysis of Variance
9. Nonparametric Tests of Significance
XE
10. Correlation
11. Regression Analysis
12. Nonparametric Measures of Correlation
LI
13. Choosing Statistical Procedures for Research Problems
BR
AR
Y
,Solutions Manual Chapter 1:
Elementary Statistics in Social Research Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
Chapter 1: Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
1. A sociologist collects information from high school teachers about their job
satisfaction. For each of the following items, indicate the level of measurement—
nominal, ordinal, or interval:
a. What field of study do you teach? Math, Science, Social Studies, English,
or Other?
b. How many students do you have in a class?
c. On a five-point scale (from strongly favorable to strongly unfavorable),
LU
how do you feel about your work?
d. How many years have you been teaching?
Answer:
a. Nominal
XE
b. Interval
c. Ordinal
d. Interval
2. A political scientist asks a series of questions to gauge how politically active
LI
individuals are. For each of the following items, indicate the level of measurement
—nominal, ordinal, or interval:
a. Did you vote in the last election? Yes or No?
b. With which political party do you identify? Democrat, Republican, or
BR
Independent?
c. How often do you vote in elections? Never, Rarely, Sometimes, or
Always?
d. On a 0–10 scale, how “extreme” do you consider your views? 0 is
equivalent to mainstream and 10 is equivalent to radical.
AR
e. What level of education have you attained? Bachelor’s, Master’s, or
Doctorate?
f. Do you coach a school sports team? Yes or No?
Answer:
a. Nominal
Y
b. Nominal
c. Ordinal
d. Interval
e. Ordinal
f. Nominal
, Solutions Manual Chapter 1:
Elementary Statistics in Social Research Why the Social Researcher Uses Statistics
3. A sociologist undertakes a series of studies to investigate various aspects of sports
violence. For each of the following research situations, identify the research
strategy (experiment, survey, content analysis, or participant observation) and the
independent and dependent variables:
a. Do male and female sports reporters describe combative sporting events
(such as football) in the same way? To find out, the sociologist collects the
game reports filed by a number of male and female newspaper writers on
the day following the Super Bowl. He compares the aggressiveness
contained in the adjectives used by the reporters to describe the game.
LU
b. Do children react differently after watching combative and noncombative
sports? To find out, the sociologist randomly assigns school children to
watch taped versions of either a hockey game (combative) or a swimming
meet (noncombative). She then observes the aggressiveness of play
demonstrated by the children immediately following their viewing of the
XE
tapes.
c. Are fans more aggressive when their team wins or loses? To find out, the
sociologist spends his Saturdays in a sports bar that features the local
college game on wide-screen television. He dresses in a team sweatshirt
and becomes one of the crowd. At the same time, he observes the extent
LI
of arguing and fighting that goes on around him when the team is winning
and losing.
d. Do levels of personal aggressiveness influence the kinds of sporting
BR
events that people prefer to watch? To find out, the sociologist distributes
a questionnaire to a random sample of adults. In addition to standard
background information, the questionnaire includes a series of items
measuring aggressiveness (for example, “How often do you get involved
in heated arguments with neighbors or friends?”) and a checklist of which
sports the respondents like to watch.
AR
Y
