Table of Contents
Question 1 .................................................................................................................................. 2
Question 2 .................................................................................................................................. 4
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 5
, PED 3701 Assignment 02
Question 1
1.1. Accidents become more of a health hazard during adolescence, especially for boys,
because of daring, carelessness and taking risks. Some consider the use of drug and
alcohol to be a sign of being an adult and this leads to accidents. Adolescents also have
the idea that only bad things happen to others and that they are immune or immortal.
Adolescents are more vulnerable to accidents because of their desire of acceptance
from others. In comparison to older people, youngsters drive faster and behave more
recklessly on the road. Not having experience or being ignorant causes accidents
amongst adolescence. (Gouws 2019:24)
1.2. Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist who believed that all higher cognitive processes
originate from social interaction. He believed that learning only occurs in what he called
“the zone of proximal development” or “ZPD”. The zone of proximal development refers
to tasks that are too complex for one to manage and complete alone. These tasks can
only be completed with parental or collaboration with an advanced peer. Vygotsky
emphasises the role of adults, teachers, mediators and advanced peers for the
attainment of a certain level of cognitive development. It is the responsibility of the
mediator to keep advancing the child into new stages allowing for further development.
Internal development and learning can only occur when the student interacts with their
environment. Vygotsky believed that learning affects development and that the more a
child learns, the more they become capable of learning and further developing.
(Gouws 2019:45)
1.3. Emotionally mature adolescents show the following abilities:
- Refraining from emotional outbursts in the presence of others
- They give without always wanting to receive in return.
- They don’t judge and overpower others.
- Blowing off steam in an appropriate place, manner and time.
- The ability to empathise with others, accepting, understanding and sharing feelings.
They can put themselves at the cognitive place of others.
(Gouws 2019:107)
1.4.
1.4.1. “Moral” comes from the Latin word “moralis” which means manner or habit. Morals
are an individual’s understanding of what is right or wrong. Moral development is
the development of moral judgement (reasoning and decision making) and
behaviour. (Gouws 2019:110)
BED 90103 Page 2 of 5
Question 1 .................................................................................................................................. 2
Question 2 .................................................................................................................................. 4
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 5
, PED 3701 Assignment 02
Question 1
1.1. Accidents become more of a health hazard during adolescence, especially for boys,
because of daring, carelessness and taking risks. Some consider the use of drug and
alcohol to be a sign of being an adult and this leads to accidents. Adolescents also have
the idea that only bad things happen to others and that they are immune or immortal.
Adolescents are more vulnerable to accidents because of their desire of acceptance
from others. In comparison to older people, youngsters drive faster and behave more
recklessly on the road. Not having experience or being ignorant causes accidents
amongst adolescence. (Gouws 2019:24)
1.2. Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist who believed that all higher cognitive processes
originate from social interaction. He believed that learning only occurs in what he called
“the zone of proximal development” or “ZPD”. The zone of proximal development refers
to tasks that are too complex for one to manage and complete alone. These tasks can
only be completed with parental or collaboration with an advanced peer. Vygotsky
emphasises the role of adults, teachers, mediators and advanced peers for the
attainment of a certain level of cognitive development. It is the responsibility of the
mediator to keep advancing the child into new stages allowing for further development.
Internal development and learning can only occur when the student interacts with their
environment. Vygotsky believed that learning affects development and that the more a
child learns, the more they become capable of learning and further developing.
(Gouws 2019:45)
1.3. Emotionally mature adolescents show the following abilities:
- Refraining from emotional outbursts in the presence of others
- They give without always wanting to receive in return.
- They don’t judge and overpower others.
- Blowing off steam in an appropriate place, manner and time.
- The ability to empathise with others, accepting, understanding and sharing feelings.
They can put themselves at the cognitive place of others.
(Gouws 2019:107)
1.4.
1.4.1. “Moral” comes from the Latin word “moralis” which means manner or habit. Morals
are an individual’s understanding of what is right or wrong. Moral development is
the development of moral judgement (reasoning and decision making) and
behaviour. (Gouws 2019:110)
BED 90103 Page 2 of 5
