NSG 202 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100%
VERIFIED!!100+Questions Detailed!!
Section 1: Fluid & Electrolytes
1. A patient has a serum potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L. Which ECG change should the nurse
expect?
• A) Prominent U wave
• B) Wide, flat P wave
• C) Tall, peaked T waves
• D) Prolonged QT interval
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
• C correct: Hyperkalemia (K >5.5) causes tall, peaked T waves.
• A incorrect: Prominent U wave is seen in hypokalemia.
• B incorrect: Wide, flat P wave occurs with severe hyperkalemia but peaked T waves
appear first.
• D incorrect: Prolonged QT interval occurs with hypocalcemia or hypokalemia.
2. A patient with hyponatremia (Na 128 mEq/L) is receiving IV fluids. Which assessment
finding indicates a need to slow the infusion?
• A) Increased urine output
• B) Crackles in lung bases
• C) Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg
, • D) Serum sodium 130 mEq/L
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
• B correct: Crackles suggest fluid overload (pulmonary edema), requiring slower
infusion.
• A incorrect: Increased urine output is expected with correction.
• C incorrect: BP 110/70 is normal, not a warning sign.
• D incorrect: Sodium 130 is still low but rising slowly is fine; sudden rise is dangerous.
3. The nurse is caring for a patient with hypocalcemia. Which clinical manifestation
supports this diagnosis?
• A) Hypoactive bowel sounds
• B) Prolonged QT interval on ECG
• C) Trousseau’s sign positive
• D) Decreased deep tendon reflexes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
• C correct: Trousseau’s sign (carpal spasm with BP cuff inflation) indicates
neuromuscular irritability from hypocalcemia.
• A incorrect: Hypoactive bowel sounds occur in hypercalcemia.
• B incorrect: Hypocalcemia shortens QT interval; prolonged QT is hypokalemia or
hypomagnesemia.
• D incorrect: Decreased reflexes occur in hypercalcemia.
, 4. A patient with heart failure has a magnesium level of 1.2 mg/dL. Which medication
order should the nurse question?
• A) Furosemide 40 mg IV
• B) Magnesium sulfate 2 g IV
• C) Digoxin 0.25 mg PO
• D) Spironolactone 25 mg PO
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
• A correct: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that worsens hypomagnesemia (normal Mg
1.8–2.5).
• B incorrect: Magnesium sulfate treats hypomagnesemia.
• C incorrect: Digoxin is safe with close monitoring; hypomagnesemia increases digoxin
toxicity risk, but the drug itself isn’t contraindicated.
• D incorrect: Spironolactone is potassium-sparing and may slightly raise magnesium.
5. Which IV fluid is most appropriate for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and severe
dehydration?
• A) 0.9% normal saline
• B) 0.45% normal saline
• C) D5W
• D) 3% normal saline
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
• A correct: 0.9% NS is isotonic and restores intravascular volume in DKA.
• B incorrect: 0.45% NS is hypotonic; may cause rapid fluid shift in dehydrated patient.
VERIFIED!!100+Questions Detailed!!
Section 1: Fluid & Electrolytes
1. A patient has a serum potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L. Which ECG change should the nurse
expect?
• A) Prominent U wave
• B) Wide, flat P wave
• C) Tall, peaked T waves
• D) Prolonged QT interval
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
• C correct: Hyperkalemia (K >5.5) causes tall, peaked T waves.
• A incorrect: Prominent U wave is seen in hypokalemia.
• B incorrect: Wide, flat P wave occurs with severe hyperkalemia but peaked T waves
appear first.
• D incorrect: Prolonged QT interval occurs with hypocalcemia or hypokalemia.
2. A patient with hyponatremia (Na 128 mEq/L) is receiving IV fluids. Which assessment
finding indicates a need to slow the infusion?
• A) Increased urine output
• B) Crackles in lung bases
• C) Blood pressure 110/70 mmHg
, • D) Serum sodium 130 mEq/L
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
• B correct: Crackles suggest fluid overload (pulmonary edema), requiring slower
infusion.
• A incorrect: Increased urine output is expected with correction.
• C incorrect: BP 110/70 is normal, not a warning sign.
• D incorrect: Sodium 130 is still low but rising slowly is fine; sudden rise is dangerous.
3. The nurse is caring for a patient with hypocalcemia. Which clinical manifestation
supports this diagnosis?
• A) Hypoactive bowel sounds
• B) Prolonged QT interval on ECG
• C) Trousseau’s sign positive
• D) Decreased deep tendon reflexes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
• C correct: Trousseau’s sign (carpal spasm with BP cuff inflation) indicates
neuromuscular irritability from hypocalcemia.
• A incorrect: Hypoactive bowel sounds occur in hypercalcemia.
• B incorrect: Hypocalcemia shortens QT interval; prolonged QT is hypokalemia or
hypomagnesemia.
• D incorrect: Decreased reflexes occur in hypercalcemia.
, 4. A patient with heart failure has a magnesium level of 1.2 mg/dL. Which medication
order should the nurse question?
• A) Furosemide 40 mg IV
• B) Magnesium sulfate 2 g IV
• C) Digoxin 0.25 mg PO
• D) Spironolactone 25 mg PO
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
• A correct: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that worsens hypomagnesemia (normal Mg
1.8–2.5).
• B incorrect: Magnesium sulfate treats hypomagnesemia.
• C incorrect: Digoxin is safe with close monitoring; hypomagnesemia increases digoxin
toxicity risk, but the drug itself isn’t contraindicated.
• D incorrect: Spironolactone is potassium-sparing and may slightly raise magnesium.
5. Which IV fluid is most appropriate for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and severe
dehydration?
• A) 0.9% normal saline
• B) 0.45% normal saline
• C) D5W
• D) 3% normal saline
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
• A correct: 0.9% NS is isotonic and restores intravascular volume in DKA.
• B incorrect: 0.45% NS is hypotonic; may cause rapid fluid shift in dehydrated patient.
