Frequently tested Anatomy and Physiology Lab Exam 1 questions and answers

What is the primary purpose of a compound microscope in anatomy and physiology labs? ️️ To magnify small biological structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye What tissue type covers body surfaces and lines internal organs? ️️ Epithelial tissue What is the basic structural and functional unit of life? ️️ The cell Which organelle is responsible for ATP production? ️️ Mitochondria What is the role of the cell membrane? ️️ To regulate movement of substances in and out of the cell What stain is commonly used to distinguish acidic and basic tissue components? ️️ Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) What is the function of the nucleus? ️️ To control cell activities and store DNA What type of microscope uses light and lenses? ️️ Compound light microscope What does magnification refer to in microscopy? ️️ The increase in apparent size of an object What is resolution in microscopy? ️️ The ability to distinguish two close objects as separate Which tissue connects and supports other tissues? ️️ Connective tissue What is the main function of red blood cells? ️️ To transport oxygen 2 What fluid fills the space between cells in connective tissue? ️️ Interstitial fluid What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? ️️ Lipid synthesis and detoxification Which organelle modifies and packages proteins? ️️ Golgi apparatus What is the smallest living unit capable of function? ️️ The cell What does osmosis refer to? ️️ Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane What type of muscle is voluntary and striated? ️️ Skeletal muscle What type of muscle is found in the heart? ️️ Cardiac muscle What type of tissue stores fat? ️️ Adipose tissue What is the function of lysosomes? ️️ To break down waste and cellular debris What is the function of ribosomes? ️️ Protein synthesis What is the main component of the plasma membrane? ️️ Phospholipid bilayer What is diffusion? ️️ Movement of particles from high to low concentration What is active transport? ️️ Movement of substances using energy (ATP) What is the role of DNA? ️️ To store genetic information What is histology? ️️ The study of tissues 3 What is the function of cartilage? ️️ To provide support and flexibility What is the difference between smooth and rough ER? ️️ Rough ER has ribosomes; smooth ER does not What is the function of centrioles? ️️ To assist in cell division What is the main function of bone tissue? ️️ Support and protection of organs What is homeostasis? ️️ Maintenance of a stable internal environment What is the function of white blood cells? ️️ Immune defense against pathogens What is a tissue? ️️ A group of similar cells performing a function What is the function of the vacuole in animal cells? ️️ Storage of substances What is the function of the cytoplasm? ️️ Site of many cellular reactions What is a hypotonic solution? ️️ A solution with lower solute concentration than the cell What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution? ️️ It shrinks due to water loss What is the function of cilia? ️️ To move substances across cell surfaces What is the function of flagella? ️️ To enable cell movement What is epithelial polarity? ️️ Structural difference between apical and basal surfaces What is simple squamous epithelium adapted for? ️️ Rapid diffusion 4 What is stratified epithelium function? ️️ Protection from abrasion What is the function of nucleolus? ️️ Ribosome production What is the function of peroxisomes? ️️ Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification What is passive transport? ️️ Movement of substances without energy use