100% verified Anatomy and
Physiology: Exam 2 questions and
answers
Which structure controls the overall rate of heart contraction?
✔️✔️ The sinoatrial (SA) node acts as the heart’s natural pacemaker.
What is the main function of red blood cells?
✔️✔️ To transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues.
What vessel carries blood away from the heart?
✔️✔️ Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
✔️✔️ The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
Which part of the brain regulates breathing rate?
✔️✔️ The medulla oblongata regulates breathing rate.
What is the main function of platelets?
✔️✔️ Platelets help in blood clotting.
What gas is primarily exchanged in respiration?
✔️✔️ Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged during respiration.
What valve prevents backflow into the left atrium?
✔️✔️ The mitral (bicuspid) valve prevents backflow into the left atrium.
What is the role of hemoglobin?
✔️✔️ Hemoglobin binds and transports oxygen in the blood.
What muscle is responsible for breathing?
✔️✔️ The diaphragm is the primary muscle of breathing.
What is the normal pH of blood?
✔️✔️ Blood pH is normally around 7.35–7.45.
What organ produces insulin?
✔️✔️ The pancreas produces insulin.
1
,What is systole?
✔️✔️ Systole is the phase when the heart contracts.
What is diastole?
✔️✔️ Diastole is the phase when the heart relaxes.
What is the largest artery in the body?
✔️✔️ The aorta is the largest artery.
What is the role of white blood cells?
✔️✔️ White blood cells defend the body against infection.
What structure filters blood in the kidney?
✔️✔️ Glomerulus filters blood in the kidney.
What is the function of alveoli?
✔️✔️ Alveoli are sites of gas exchange in the lungs.
What is plasma in blood?
✔️✔️ Plasma is the liquid portion of blood.
What controls involuntary actions like heartbeat?
✔️✔️ The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions.
What is the main function of the liver in blood processing?
✔️✔️ It detoxifies blood and produces bile.
What is cardiac output?
✔️✔️ Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped per minute by the heart.
What is the function of veins?
✔️✔️ Veins carry blood back to the heart.
What prevents food from entering the trachea?
✔️✔️ The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea.
What is the main function of the large intestine?
✔️✔️ It absorbs water and forms feces.
What is diffusion in physiology?
✔️✔️ Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration.
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
✔️✔️ It regulates temperature, hunger, and hormone control.
2
, What is the function of the myocardium?
✔️✔️ It is the muscular layer of the heart responsible for contraction.
What is blood pressure?
✔️✔️ Blood pressure is the force of blood against vessel walls.
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
✔️✔️ It returns excess fluid to blood and supports immunity.
What is oxygen saturation?
✔️✔️ It is the percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen.
What is the function of the trachea?
✔️✔️ It conducts air to and from the lungs.
What is the role of the cerebellum?
✔️✔️ It controls balance and coordination.
What is filtration in the kidney?
✔️✔️ It is the process of removing waste from blood into urine.
What is stroke volume?
✔️✔️ It is the amount of blood pumped per heartbeat.
What is the function of insulin?
✔️✔️ It lowers blood glucose levels.
What is the role of glucagon?
✔️✔️ It raises blood glucose levels.
What is the function of capillaries?
✔️✔️ They allow exchange of gases and nutrients.
What is the function of the pharynx?
✔️✔️ It serves as a pathway for air and food.
What is homeostasis?
✔️✔️ It is the maintenance of stable internal body conditions.
What is the role of the thyroid gland?
✔️✔️ It regulates metabolism.
What is ventilation?
✔️✔️ It is the movement of air in and out of the lungs.
3
Physiology: Exam 2 questions and
answers
Which structure controls the overall rate of heart contraction?
✔️✔️ The sinoatrial (SA) node acts as the heart’s natural pacemaker.
What is the main function of red blood cells?
✔️✔️ To transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues.
What vessel carries blood away from the heart?
✔️✔️ Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
✔️✔️ The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
Which part of the brain regulates breathing rate?
✔️✔️ The medulla oblongata regulates breathing rate.
What is the main function of platelets?
✔️✔️ Platelets help in blood clotting.
What gas is primarily exchanged in respiration?
✔️✔️ Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged during respiration.
What valve prevents backflow into the left atrium?
✔️✔️ The mitral (bicuspid) valve prevents backflow into the left atrium.
What is the role of hemoglobin?
✔️✔️ Hemoglobin binds and transports oxygen in the blood.
What muscle is responsible for breathing?
✔️✔️ The diaphragm is the primary muscle of breathing.
What is the normal pH of blood?
✔️✔️ Blood pH is normally around 7.35–7.45.
What organ produces insulin?
✔️✔️ The pancreas produces insulin.
1
,What is systole?
✔️✔️ Systole is the phase when the heart contracts.
What is diastole?
✔️✔️ Diastole is the phase when the heart relaxes.
What is the largest artery in the body?
✔️✔️ The aorta is the largest artery.
What is the role of white blood cells?
✔️✔️ White blood cells defend the body against infection.
What structure filters blood in the kidney?
✔️✔️ Glomerulus filters blood in the kidney.
What is the function of alveoli?
✔️✔️ Alveoli are sites of gas exchange in the lungs.
What is plasma in blood?
✔️✔️ Plasma is the liquid portion of blood.
What controls involuntary actions like heartbeat?
✔️✔️ The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions.
What is the main function of the liver in blood processing?
✔️✔️ It detoxifies blood and produces bile.
What is cardiac output?
✔️✔️ Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped per minute by the heart.
What is the function of veins?
✔️✔️ Veins carry blood back to the heart.
What prevents food from entering the trachea?
✔️✔️ The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea.
What is the main function of the large intestine?
✔️✔️ It absorbs water and forms feces.
What is diffusion in physiology?
✔️✔️ Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration.
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
✔️✔️ It regulates temperature, hunger, and hormone control.
2
, What is the function of the myocardium?
✔️✔️ It is the muscular layer of the heart responsible for contraction.
What is blood pressure?
✔️✔️ Blood pressure is the force of blood against vessel walls.
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
✔️✔️ It returns excess fluid to blood and supports immunity.
What is oxygen saturation?
✔️✔️ It is the percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen.
What is the function of the trachea?
✔️✔️ It conducts air to and from the lungs.
What is the role of the cerebellum?
✔️✔️ It controls balance and coordination.
What is filtration in the kidney?
✔️✔️ It is the process of removing waste from blood into urine.
What is stroke volume?
✔️✔️ It is the amount of blood pumped per heartbeat.
What is the function of insulin?
✔️✔️ It lowers blood glucose levels.
What is the role of glucagon?
✔️✔️ It raises blood glucose levels.
What is the function of capillaries?
✔️✔️ They allow exchange of gases and nutrients.
What is the function of the pharynx?
✔️✔️ It serves as a pathway for air and food.
What is homeostasis?
✔️✔️ It is the maintenance of stable internal body conditions.
What is the role of the thyroid gland?
✔️✔️ It regulates metabolism.
What is ventilation?
✔️✔️ It is the movement of air in and out of the lungs.
3
