PORTAGE LEARNING NUTRITION EXAM 1–6 COMPLETE BUNDLE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 2026.
1. Which of the following best describes the primary role of carbohydrates
in the human body?
A. Structural support
B. Energy provision
C. Hormone synthesis
D. Insulation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy source,
especially for the brain and muscles. Proteins provide structure, fats help
with insulation, and hormones are not primarily derived from
carbohydrates.
2. Which monosaccharide is the primary fuel used by body cells?
A. Fructose
B. Galactose
C. Glucose
D. Lactose
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Glucose is the main energy source for cells. Fructose and
galactose are converted into glucose, while lactose is a disaccharide.
3. What is the primary function of dietary fiber?
A. Provide calories
B. Aid digestion and bowel health
C. Increase blood glucose rapidly
D. Store energy
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Fiber supports digestive health and helps regulate bowel
movements. It does not provide calories or rapidly raise blood glucose.
4. Which vitamin is fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin C
, B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B6
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. The others listed
are water-soluble.
5. Which macronutrient provides the highest energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Alcohol
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Fat provides 9 kcal/gram, which is higher than
carbohydrates and protein (4 kcal/gram). Alcohol provides 7 kcal/gram.
6. Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Potassium
D. Sodium
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, which transports
oxygen. Other minerals have different roles.
7. What is the main function of protein in the body?
A. Immediate energy
B. Tissue building and repair
C. Insulation
D. Vitamin absorption
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Protein is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of
tissues. It is not the primary energy source.
8. Which organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?
A. Stomach
, B. Liver
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The small intestine is the main site of nutrient absorption
due to its large surface area.
9. What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for
carbohydrates?
A. 10–20%
B. 20–35%
C. 45–65%
D. 65–80%
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Carbohydrates should provide 45–65% of total daily
calories according to AMDR guidelines.
10.Which lipoprotein is considered “bad cholesterol”?
A. HDL
B. LDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicrons
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: LDL contributes to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing
cardiovascular risk. HDL is considered “good.”
11.Which vitamin is necessary for blood clotting?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin K plays a critical role in blood coagulation.
12.Which of the following is a complete protein?
A. Beans
, B. Rice
C. Eggs
D. Nuts
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Eggs contain all essential amino acids, making them a
complete protein.
13.What is the primary function of the large intestine?
A. Enzyme secretion
B. Nutrient digestion
C. Water absorption
D. Protein synthesis
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The large intestine absorbs water and forms feces.
14.Which nutrient is most important for maintaining fluid balance?
A. Protein
B. Sodium
C. Vitamin D
D. Iron
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Sodium helps regulate fluid balance and electrolyte levels
in the body.
15.Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels?
A. Thyroxine
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Insulin lowers blood glucose by facilitating its uptake into
cells.
16.Which type of fat is considered the healthiest?
A. Trans fat
B. Saturated fat
EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 2026.
1. Which of the following best describes the primary role of carbohydrates
in the human body?
A. Structural support
B. Energy provision
C. Hormone synthesis
D. Insulation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy source,
especially for the brain and muscles. Proteins provide structure, fats help
with insulation, and hormones are not primarily derived from
carbohydrates.
2. Which monosaccharide is the primary fuel used by body cells?
A. Fructose
B. Galactose
C. Glucose
D. Lactose
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Glucose is the main energy source for cells. Fructose and
galactose are converted into glucose, while lactose is a disaccharide.
3. What is the primary function of dietary fiber?
A. Provide calories
B. Aid digestion and bowel health
C. Increase blood glucose rapidly
D. Store energy
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Fiber supports digestive health and helps regulate bowel
movements. It does not provide calories or rapidly raise blood glucose.
4. Which vitamin is fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin C
, B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B6
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. The others listed
are water-soluble.
5. Which macronutrient provides the highest energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Alcohol
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Fat provides 9 kcal/gram, which is higher than
carbohydrates and protein (4 kcal/gram). Alcohol provides 7 kcal/gram.
6. Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Potassium
D. Sodium
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, which transports
oxygen. Other minerals have different roles.
7. What is the main function of protein in the body?
A. Immediate energy
B. Tissue building and repair
C. Insulation
D. Vitamin absorption
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Protein is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of
tissues. It is not the primary energy source.
8. Which organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?
A. Stomach
, B. Liver
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The small intestine is the main site of nutrient absorption
due to its large surface area.
9. What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for
carbohydrates?
A. 10–20%
B. 20–35%
C. 45–65%
D. 65–80%
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Carbohydrates should provide 45–65% of total daily
calories according to AMDR guidelines.
10.Which lipoprotein is considered “bad cholesterol”?
A. HDL
B. LDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicrons
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: LDL contributes to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing
cardiovascular risk. HDL is considered “good.”
11.Which vitamin is necessary for blood clotting?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin K plays a critical role in blood coagulation.
12.Which of the following is a complete protein?
A. Beans
, B. Rice
C. Eggs
D. Nuts
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Eggs contain all essential amino acids, making them a
complete protein.
13.What is the primary function of the large intestine?
A. Enzyme secretion
B. Nutrient digestion
C. Water absorption
D. Protein synthesis
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The large intestine absorbs water and forms feces.
14.Which nutrient is most important for maintaining fluid balance?
A. Protein
B. Sodium
C. Vitamin D
D. Iron
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Sodium helps regulate fluid balance and electrolyte levels
in the body.
15.Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels?
A. Thyroxine
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Insulin lowers blood glucose by facilitating its uptake into
cells.
16.Which type of fat is considered the healthiest?
A. Trans fat
B. Saturated fat
