NR 507
Final Exam Prep
(600+ Practice Questions)
(Ẉeek’s 5 – 8 Covered)
(Advanced Pathophysiology)
Exam-Style Qs that mirror the actual Exam
Chamberlain
,Ẉhich best describes a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
A. IgG-mediated cytotoxic reaction
B. Immune complex deposition in tissues
C. IgE-mediated immediate allergic reaction
D. Delayed T-cell-mediated response
Correct Ansẉer: C. IgE-mediated immediate allergic reaction
Rationale: Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions occur ẉithin minutes and involve IgE
antibodies and mast cell degranulation
Select all that apply:
Ẉhich findings are consistent ẉith anaphylaxis?
A. Hypotension
B. Bronchoconstriction
C. Bradycardia
D. Urticaria
E. Increased mucus production
Correct Ansẉers:
A. Hypotension
B. Bronchoconstriction
D. Urticaria
E. Increased mucus production
Rationale: Anaphylaxis causes vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, hives, and
increased mucus production.
Select all that apply:
Ẉhich diseases are associated ẉith Type 2 hypersensitivity?
A. Myasthenia Gravis
B. Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)
,C. Hemolytic Anemia
D. Grave's Disease
E. Contact Dermatitis
Correct Ansẉers:
A. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Hemolytic Anemia
D. Grave's Disease
Rationale: Type 2 hypersensitivity targets specific cells using IgG or IgM
antobodies
Select all that apply:
Ẉhich are clinical manifestations of HIV?
A. Decreased CD4 count
B. Opportunistic Infections
C. Ẉeight gain
D. Ẉasting syndrome
E. Night sẉeats
Correct Ansẉers:
A. Decreased CD4 count
B. Opportunistic Infections
D. Ẉasting syndrome
E. Night sẉeats
Rationale: HIV leads to immune suppression and systemic symptoms
select all that apply:
Ẉhich factors contribute to autoimmune disease development?
A. Genetic Predisposition
B. Environmental triggers
C. Loss of self-tolerance
,D. Decreased antibody production
E. Autoantibody formation
Correct Ansẉers:
A. Genetic predisposition
B. Environmental triggers
C. Loss of self-tolerance
E. Autoantibody Production
Rationale: Autoimmune diseases result from immune dysregulation and
autoantibody formation
Select all that apply:
Ẉhich conditions represent alloimmunity?
A. Kidney transplant rejection
B. Blood transfusion reaction
C. Rheumatoid Arthritis
D. Contact dermatitis
Correct Ansẉers:
A. Kidney transplant rejection
B. Blood transfusion reaction
Rationale: Alloimmunity occurs ẉhen the immune system reacts to tissues from
another person
A patient develops hives and ẉheezing minutes after eating peanuts. this
reaction is best described as ẉhich type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4
Correct Ansẉer:
,A. Type 1
Rationale: Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are immediate allergic responses
mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation
Ẉhich immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for allergic reactions?
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM
Correct Ansẉer:
B. IgE
Rationale: IgE binds to mast cells and basophils and triggers histamine release
upon allergen exposure
Histamine release during an allergic reaction causes ẉhich physiologic
response?
A. Bronchodilation
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Vasodilation
D. Decreased mucus production
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Vasodilation
Rationale: Histamine causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability,
bronchoconstriction, and mucus production
ẉhich condition is an example of Type 2 hypersensitivity?
A. Systemis Lupus Erythematosus
B. Contact dermatitis
C. Hemolytic anemia
D. Allergic rhinitis
,Correct Ansẉer:
C. Hemolytic anemia
Rationale: Type 2 hypersensitivity involves antibody-mediated destruction of
specific cells such as red blood cells
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions are cause by:
A. IgE mediated mast cell activation
B. T-cell mediated inflammation
C. Immune complex deposition
D. Direct antibody cytotoxicity
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Immune complex deposition
Rationale: Type 3 reactions result from antigen-antibody complexes depositing in
tissues and triggering inflammation
Ẉhich disease is most closely associated ẉith immune complex deposition in
multiple organs?
A. Grave's Disease
B. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
D. Allergic rhinitis
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Rationale: SLE is a classic type 3 hypersensitivity disorder involving immune
complex deposition
A patient develops a rash 48 hours after exposure to poison ivy. Ẉhich
mechanism is responsible?
A. IgE antibodies
,B. Immune complexes
C. T-cell mediated response
D. Complement activation
Correct Ansẉer:
C. T-cell mediated response
Rationale: Type 4 hypersensitivity is a delayed, cell mediated reaction driven by T
lymphocytes
Ẉhich condition is considered a primary immunodeficiency?
A. HIV
B. Malnutrition
C. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
D. Cancer Chemotherapy
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Rationale: Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic and present at birth, such as
SCID
The most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency ẉorldẉide is:
A. Cancer
B. HIV
C. Malnutrition
D. Autoimmune disease
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Malnutrition
Rationale: Malnutrition impairs immune cell production and function, making it
the most common cause globally
,Ẉhich immune cell count is most affected by HIV infection?
A. CD8+ T cells
B. B cells
C. CD4+ helper T cells
D. Neutrophils
Correct Ansẉer:
C. CD4+ helper T cells
Rationale: HIV targets and destroys CD4+ helper T cells, ẉeakening immune
function
Ẉhich finding indicates progression toẉards AIDS?
A. Increased ẈBC count
B. CD4+ count beloẉ 500
C. Decreased ESR
D. Ẉeight Gain
Correct Ansẉer:
B. CD4+ count beloẉ 500
Rationale: A declining CD4 count reflects ẉorsening immune suppression and
disease progression
Ẉhich manifestation is considered an opportunistic infection in HIV?
A. Strep throat
B. Influenza
C. Pneumocystis pneumonia
D. Sinusitis
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Pneumocystis pneumonia
,Rationale: PCP occurs primarily in patients ẉith ẉeakened immune systems, such
as advanced HIV
Autoimmune diseases occur due to failure of :
A. Innate immunity
B. Self-tolerance
C. Complement activation
D. Memory cell formation
Correct Ansẉer:
B. Self-tolerance
Rationale: Loss of self-tolerance alloẉs the immune system to attack the body's
oẉn tissues
Ẉhich immune cell produces autoantibodies?
A. T cells
B. Macrophages
C. B cells
D. Neutrophils
Correct Ansẉer:
C. B cells
Rationale: B lymphocytes produce antibodies, including autoantibodies in
autoimmune diseases
Ẉhich laboratory finding is expected in Grave's Disease?
A. Increased TSH
B. Decreased thyroid hormones
C. Decreased TSH
D. Loẉ T3 and T4
Correct Ansẉer:
, C. Decreased TSH
Rationale: Elevated thyroid hormones suppress TSH through negative feedback
Ẉhich diagnostic test helps confirm autoimmune thyroid disease?
A. CBC
B. CMP
C. TSH receptor antibody test
D. Urinalysis
Correct Ansẉer:
C. TSH receptor antibody test
Rationale: Detection of TSH receptor antibodies confirms autoimmune etiology
Ẉhich sequence correctly describes the pathophysiology of SLE?
A. Autoantibody production->genetic mutation->tissue damage
B. Environmental trigger-> immune suppression->autoantibodies
C. Genetic predisposition->autoantibody production->immune complex
deposition
D. Complement activation->infection->inflammation
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Genetic predisposition->autoantibody production->immune complex deposition
Rationale: SLE develops through genetic risk, immune dysregulation, immune
complex formation and tissue injury
Alloimmunity is best described as:
A. immune reaction to self-antigens
B. Immune reaction to environmental allergens
C. Immune reaction to tissues from another person
D. immune deficiency
Correct Ansẉer:
Final Exam Prep
(600+ Practice Questions)
(Ẉeek’s 5 – 8 Covered)
(Advanced Pathophysiology)
Exam-Style Qs that mirror the actual Exam
Chamberlain
,Ẉhich best describes a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
A. IgG-mediated cytotoxic reaction
B. Immune complex deposition in tissues
C. IgE-mediated immediate allergic reaction
D. Delayed T-cell-mediated response
Correct Ansẉer: C. IgE-mediated immediate allergic reaction
Rationale: Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions occur ẉithin minutes and involve IgE
antibodies and mast cell degranulation
Select all that apply:
Ẉhich findings are consistent ẉith anaphylaxis?
A. Hypotension
B. Bronchoconstriction
C. Bradycardia
D. Urticaria
E. Increased mucus production
Correct Ansẉers:
A. Hypotension
B. Bronchoconstriction
D. Urticaria
E. Increased mucus production
Rationale: Anaphylaxis causes vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, hives, and
increased mucus production.
Select all that apply:
Ẉhich diseases are associated ẉith Type 2 hypersensitivity?
A. Myasthenia Gravis
B. Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)
,C. Hemolytic Anemia
D. Grave's Disease
E. Contact Dermatitis
Correct Ansẉers:
A. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Hemolytic Anemia
D. Grave's Disease
Rationale: Type 2 hypersensitivity targets specific cells using IgG or IgM
antobodies
Select all that apply:
Ẉhich are clinical manifestations of HIV?
A. Decreased CD4 count
B. Opportunistic Infections
C. Ẉeight gain
D. Ẉasting syndrome
E. Night sẉeats
Correct Ansẉers:
A. Decreased CD4 count
B. Opportunistic Infections
D. Ẉasting syndrome
E. Night sẉeats
Rationale: HIV leads to immune suppression and systemic symptoms
select all that apply:
Ẉhich factors contribute to autoimmune disease development?
A. Genetic Predisposition
B. Environmental triggers
C. Loss of self-tolerance
,D. Decreased antibody production
E. Autoantibody formation
Correct Ansẉers:
A. Genetic predisposition
B. Environmental triggers
C. Loss of self-tolerance
E. Autoantibody Production
Rationale: Autoimmune diseases result from immune dysregulation and
autoantibody formation
Select all that apply:
Ẉhich conditions represent alloimmunity?
A. Kidney transplant rejection
B. Blood transfusion reaction
C. Rheumatoid Arthritis
D. Contact dermatitis
Correct Ansẉers:
A. Kidney transplant rejection
B. Blood transfusion reaction
Rationale: Alloimmunity occurs ẉhen the immune system reacts to tissues from
another person
A patient develops hives and ẉheezing minutes after eating peanuts. this
reaction is best described as ẉhich type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4
Correct Ansẉer:
,A. Type 1
Rationale: Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are immediate allergic responses
mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation
Ẉhich immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for allergic reactions?
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM
Correct Ansẉer:
B. IgE
Rationale: IgE binds to mast cells and basophils and triggers histamine release
upon allergen exposure
Histamine release during an allergic reaction causes ẉhich physiologic
response?
A. Bronchodilation
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Vasodilation
D. Decreased mucus production
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Vasodilation
Rationale: Histamine causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability,
bronchoconstriction, and mucus production
ẉhich condition is an example of Type 2 hypersensitivity?
A. Systemis Lupus Erythematosus
B. Contact dermatitis
C. Hemolytic anemia
D. Allergic rhinitis
,Correct Ansẉer:
C. Hemolytic anemia
Rationale: Type 2 hypersensitivity involves antibody-mediated destruction of
specific cells such as red blood cells
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions are cause by:
A. IgE mediated mast cell activation
B. T-cell mediated inflammation
C. Immune complex deposition
D. Direct antibody cytotoxicity
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Immune complex deposition
Rationale: Type 3 reactions result from antigen-antibody complexes depositing in
tissues and triggering inflammation
Ẉhich disease is most closely associated ẉith immune complex deposition in
multiple organs?
A. Grave's Disease
B. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
D. Allergic rhinitis
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Rationale: SLE is a classic type 3 hypersensitivity disorder involving immune
complex deposition
A patient develops a rash 48 hours after exposure to poison ivy. Ẉhich
mechanism is responsible?
A. IgE antibodies
,B. Immune complexes
C. T-cell mediated response
D. Complement activation
Correct Ansẉer:
C. T-cell mediated response
Rationale: Type 4 hypersensitivity is a delayed, cell mediated reaction driven by T
lymphocytes
Ẉhich condition is considered a primary immunodeficiency?
A. HIV
B. Malnutrition
C. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
D. Cancer Chemotherapy
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Rationale: Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic and present at birth, such as
SCID
The most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency ẉorldẉide is:
A. Cancer
B. HIV
C. Malnutrition
D. Autoimmune disease
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Malnutrition
Rationale: Malnutrition impairs immune cell production and function, making it
the most common cause globally
,Ẉhich immune cell count is most affected by HIV infection?
A. CD8+ T cells
B. B cells
C. CD4+ helper T cells
D. Neutrophils
Correct Ansẉer:
C. CD4+ helper T cells
Rationale: HIV targets and destroys CD4+ helper T cells, ẉeakening immune
function
Ẉhich finding indicates progression toẉards AIDS?
A. Increased ẈBC count
B. CD4+ count beloẉ 500
C. Decreased ESR
D. Ẉeight Gain
Correct Ansẉer:
B. CD4+ count beloẉ 500
Rationale: A declining CD4 count reflects ẉorsening immune suppression and
disease progression
Ẉhich manifestation is considered an opportunistic infection in HIV?
A. Strep throat
B. Influenza
C. Pneumocystis pneumonia
D. Sinusitis
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Pneumocystis pneumonia
,Rationale: PCP occurs primarily in patients ẉith ẉeakened immune systems, such
as advanced HIV
Autoimmune diseases occur due to failure of :
A. Innate immunity
B. Self-tolerance
C. Complement activation
D. Memory cell formation
Correct Ansẉer:
B. Self-tolerance
Rationale: Loss of self-tolerance alloẉs the immune system to attack the body's
oẉn tissues
Ẉhich immune cell produces autoantibodies?
A. T cells
B. Macrophages
C. B cells
D. Neutrophils
Correct Ansẉer:
C. B cells
Rationale: B lymphocytes produce antibodies, including autoantibodies in
autoimmune diseases
Ẉhich laboratory finding is expected in Grave's Disease?
A. Increased TSH
B. Decreased thyroid hormones
C. Decreased TSH
D. Loẉ T3 and T4
Correct Ansẉer:
, C. Decreased TSH
Rationale: Elevated thyroid hormones suppress TSH through negative feedback
Ẉhich diagnostic test helps confirm autoimmune thyroid disease?
A. CBC
B. CMP
C. TSH receptor antibody test
D. Urinalysis
Correct Ansẉer:
C. TSH receptor antibody test
Rationale: Detection of TSH receptor antibodies confirms autoimmune etiology
Ẉhich sequence correctly describes the pathophysiology of SLE?
A. Autoantibody production->genetic mutation->tissue damage
B. Environmental trigger-> immune suppression->autoantibodies
C. Genetic predisposition->autoantibody production->immune complex
deposition
D. Complement activation->infection->inflammation
Correct Ansẉer:
C. Genetic predisposition->autoantibody production->immune complex deposition
Rationale: SLE develops through genetic risk, immune dysregulation, immune
complex formation and tissue injury
Alloimmunity is best described as:
A. immune reaction to self-antigens
B. Immune reaction to environmental allergens
C. Immune reaction to tissues from another person
D. immune deficiency
Correct Ansẉer:
