WGU D470 TRANSPORTATION AND
LOGISTICS ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Balanced Scorecard Method.
Answer: The balanced scorecard translates the strategic mission of a
business operation into tangible objectives and measures: financial
perspective, customer perspective, the internal element, and innovation &
learning.
◍ The CILT (UK) Logmark Supply Chain.
Answer: A set of standards and benchmarks used by organizations to
evaluate and improve their supply chain performance. Includes key metrics
related to cost, quality, delivery, flexibility, and innovation, allowing
organizations to compare their supply chain practices against industry peers.
◍ Quick Response (QR).
Answer: Quick Response Logistics (QRL) is an emerging concept in supply
chain management that emphasizes rapid order fulfillment, shorter lead
times, and quick inventory turnover. It is a customer-centric approach that
leverages technology to provide timely and accurate delivery of goods and
services.
◍ Method of Selection.
Answer: The four stages in modal selection: Operational Factors, Transport
Mode Characteristics, Consignment Factors, Cost and Service
Requirements.
◍ External Regulations.
Answer: Construction codes, labor laws, safety, environmental restrictions,
etc., must be considered.
,◍ Aftermarket Logistics.
Answer: Rapid fulfillment of service parts, increasing outsourcing to 3PLs.
◍ Distribution requirements planning (DRP).
Answer: Distribution requirements planning (DRP) is a systematic process
to make the delivery of goods more efficient by determining which goods, in
what quantities and at what location, are required to meet anticipated
demand. The goal is to minimize shortages and reduce the costs of ordering,
transporting, and holding goods.
◍ Sortation Systems.
Answer: Manual: put-to-unit-load, put-wall; Automated: sliding shoe,
bomb-bay, tilt-tray, cross-belt, pocket, robotic put walls, AMR-based sorters
◍ Reasons to hold Inventory.
Answer: o Minimize production costs.o Accommodate variations in
demand.o Account for variable lead times.o Buying costs.o Utilize quantity
discounts.o To account for seasonal fluctuations.o Allow for price
fluctuations.o Aid production and distribution operations to run more
smoothly.o Provide customers with immediate service.o Work-in-progress.
◍ Efficient Consumer Response (ECR).
Answer: A strategy aimed at enhancing the efficiency and responsiveness of
the supply chain to meet customer demand effectively.- Collaborative
Planning- Quick Response- Efficient Replenishment- Information Sharing-
Continuous Improvement
◍ Cost to Serve.
Answer: A strategic costing methodology used by organizations to analyze
and understand the true cost of serving individual customers or customer
segments.
◍ Humanitarian Logistics.
Answer: Humanitarian logistics is a specialized field within logistics
focused on the efficient and effective planning, procurement, transportation,
warehousing, and distribution of resources to alleviate human suffering
, during disasters, conflicts, and other emergencies.
◍ Product Life Cycle.
Answer: Introductory Stage, Growth Stage, Maturity Stage, Decline Stage
◍ Lessors.
Answer: Provide aircraft via leasing, examples include Aercap and Dubai
Aerospace Enterprise.
◍ ABC Analysis of Stock.
Answer: o 'A' lines = fast movers (approximately 20%)o 'B' lines = medium
movers (approximately 30%)o 'C' lines = slow moverso 'D' lines =
obsolete/dead stock (C+D representing approximately 50%)
◍ Quality of Supplies.
Answer: Issues with substandard supplies include delays, cost, reduced
confidence; ensure quality through standards, audits, and performance
tracking.
◍ Handling Equipment.
Answer: Side-loaders, multi-directional trucks, articulated long load trucks.
◍ Types of Stock.
Answer: · The main categories of stock types in supply chain companies
are:o Raw material, component and packaging stockso In-process stockso
Finished productso Pipeline stockso General storeso Spare parts· Other
major classifications of stock types include:o Cycle stock or working stocko
Safety stocko Speculative stocko Seasonal stock
◍ Shared-user models.
Answer: Operations that serve multiple clients simultaneously.
◍ Integrated Supply Chain Approach.
Answer: · Integrated supply chain approach is a process-oriented approach
that enables cost and performance monitoring to be based on a horizontal
view of a business rather than the traditional, vertical, silo-based functional
structure.· The operational approach is sometimes most appropriate for
, small to medium-size companies:o Determine the scope of logistics
activities.o Identify the organization and departmental objectives.o
Determine operating principles and methods.o Set productivity and
performance goals.o Measure and monitor performance.o Action.
◍ Request for Information (RFI).
Answer: Aims to gauge interest and technical competence of providers.
◍ Moving Average.
Answer: Averages past demand.
◍ Tax/Licences.
Answer: VED, operator & driver licences, tolls
◍ Make-to-Stock.
Answer: Make-to-stock (MTS) is a production strategy where goods are
manufactured based on anticipated customer demand and stocked in
inventory before orders are received, ensuring quick delivery and meeting
customer expectations for fast service.
◍ Benchmarking.
Answer: A set of standards and benchmarks used by organizations to
evaluate and improve their supply chain performance. Includes key metrics
related to cost, quality, delivery, flexibility, and innovation, allowing
organizations to compare their supply chain practices against industry peers.
◍ Evaluate Results and Implement.
Answer: Involves evaluating against business strategy and using both
quantitative and qualitative assessments.
◍ Logistics Strategy.
Answer: The plan for managing logistics operations effectively.
◍ Agility.
Answer: The ability of a 3PL to quickly adapt to market or regulatory
changes.
◍ Inventory Replenishment Systems:.
LOGISTICS ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Balanced Scorecard Method.
Answer: The balanced scorecard translates the strategic mission of a
business operation into tangible objectives and measures: financial
perspective, customer perspective, the internal element, and innovation &
learning.
◍ The CILT (UK) Logmark Supply Chain.
Answer: A set of standards and benchmarks used by organizations to
evaluate and improve their supply chain performance. Includes key metrics
related to cost, quality, delivery, flexibility, and innovation, allowing
organizations to compare their supply chain practices against industry peers.
◍ Quick Response (QR).
Answer: Quick Response Logistics (QRL) is an emerging concept in supply
chain management that emphasizes rapid order fulfillment, shorter lead
times, and quick inventory turnover. It is a customer-centric approach that
leverages technology to provide timely and accurate delivery of goods and
services.
◍ Method of Selection.
Answer: The four stages in modal selection: Operational Factors, Transport
Mode Characteristics, Consignment Factors, Cost and Service
Requirements.
◍ External Regulations.
Answer: Construction codes, labor laws, safety, environmental restrictions,
etc., must be considered.
,◍ Aftermarket Logistics.
Answer: Rapid fulfillment of service parts, increasing outsourcing to 3PLs.
◍ Distribution requirements planning (DRP).
Answer: Distribution requirements planning (DRP) is a systematic process
to make the delivery of goods more efficient by determining which goods, in
what quantities and at what location, are required to meet anticipated
demand. The goal is to minimize shortages and reduce the costs of ordering,
transporting, and holding goods.
◍ Sortation Systems.
Answer: Manual: put-to-unit-load, put-wall; Automated: sliding shoe,
bomb-bay, tilt-tray, cross-belt, pocket, robotic put walls, AMR-based sorters
◍ Reasons to hold Inventory.
Answer: o Minimize production costs.o Accommodate variations in
demand.o Account for variable lead times.o Buying costs.o Utilize quantity
discounts.o To account for seasonal fluctuations.o Allow for price
fluctuations.o Aid production and distribution operations to run more
smoothly.o Provide customers with immediate service.o Work-in-progress.
◍ Efficient Consumer Response (ECR).
Answer: A strategy aimed at enhancing the efficiency and responsiveness of
the supply chain to meet customer demand effectively.- Collaborative
Planning- Quick Response- Efficient Replenishment- Information Sharing-
Continuous Improvement
◍ Cost to Serve.
Answer: A strategic costing methodology used by organizations to analyze
and understand the true cost of serving individual customers or customer
segments.
◍ Humanitarian Logistics.
Answer: Humanitarian logistics is a specialized field within logistics
focused on the efficient and effective planning, procurement, transportation,
warehousing, and distribution of resources to alleviate human suffering
, during disasters, conflicts, and other emergencies.
◍ Product Life Cycle.
Answer: Introductory Stage, Growth Stage, Maturity Stage, Decline Stage
◍ Lessors.
Answer: Provide aircraft via leasing, examples include Aercap and Dubai
Aerospace Enterprise.
◍ ABC Analysis of Stock.
Answer: o 'A' lines = fast movers (approximately 20%)o 'B' lines = medium
movers (approximately 30%)o 'C' lines = slow moverso 'D' lines =
obsolete/dead stock (C+D representing approximately 50%)
◍ Quality of Supplies.
Answer: Issues with substandard supplies include delays, cost, reduced
confidence; ensure quality through standards, audits, and performance
tracking.
◍ Handling Equipment.
Answer: Side-loaders, multi-directional trucks, articulated long load trucks.
◍ Types of Stock.
Answer: · The main categories of stock types in supply chain companies
are:o Raw material, component and packaging stockso In-process stockso
Finished productso Pipeline stockso General storeso Spare parts· Other
major classifications of stock types include:o Cycle stock or working stocko
Safety stocko Speculative stocko Seasonal stock
◍ Shared-user models.
Answer: Operations that serve multiple clients simultaneously.
◍ Integrated Supply Chain Approach.
Answer: · Integrated supply chain approach is a process-oriented approach
that enables cost and performance monitoring to be based on a horizontal
view of a business rather than the traditional, vertical, silo-based functional
structure.· The operational approach is sometimes most appropriate for
, small to medium-size companies:o Determine the scope of logistics
activities.o Identify the organization and departmental objectives.o
Determine operating principles and methods.o Set productivity and
performance goals.o Measure and monitor performance.o Action.
◍ Request for Information (RFI).
Answer: Aims to gauge interest and technical competence of providers.
◍ Moving Average.
Answer: Averages past demand.
◍ Tax/Licences.
Answer: VED, operator & driver licences, tolls
◍ Make-to-Stock.
Answer: Make-to-stock (MTS) is a production strategy where goods are
manufactured based on anticipated customer demand and stocked in
inventory before orders are received, ensuring quick delivery and meeting
customer expectations for fast service.
◍ Benchmarking.
Answer: A set of standards and benchmarks used by organizations to
evaluate and improve their supply chain performance. Includes key metrics
related to cost, quality, delivery, flexibility, and innovation, allowing
organizations to compare their supply chain practices against industry peers.
◍ Evaluate Results and Implement.
Answer: Involves evaluating against business strategy and using both
quantitative and qualitative assessments.
◍ Logistics Strategy.
Answer: The plan for managing logistics operations effectively.
◍ Agility.
Answer: The ability of a 3PL to quickly adapt to market or regulatory
changes.
◍ Inventory Replenishment Systems:.
