COUC 504 : POPULATION SELECTION
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ select the appropriate study design.a study investigated the association
between multivitamin use and anemia in older adults. a total of 1000
patients with anemia in participating hospitals were interviewed about their
history of multivitamin use. another group of 1000 patients, who were also
receiving care in the same hospitals as cases with anemia, but not anemic,
were also interviewed about their history of multivitamin use..
Answer: case-control
◍ what type of bis occurs when a different factor, other than your main
exposure, causes spurious associations in your study findings.
Answer: confounding
◍ which of the following statements is false about cross-sectional studies.
Answer: they are directional analyses
◍ T/F a detection bias is when a physician gives more thorough exams to
patients who are exposed or have symptoms related to exposure compared to
patients who are unexposed.
Answer: true
◍ T/F selection bias occurs in cross-sectional studies when exposed cases can
survive longer than unexposed cases or vice versa.
Answer: true
◍ internal validity helps to infer about.
Answer: the source population
◍ Which of the following is a complex process during which individuals
, determine which parts of certain ethnic groups belong to them?.
Answer: Ethnic identity development-term used to describe the process by
which an individual determines his or her own unique ethnic identity.
◍ According to ___________________________ (2020), people of color and
marginalized populations statistically bore the brunt of the negative impacts
related to world events..
Answer: self-disclosure- increased level of self-disclosure on the part of the
counselor is often a necessary and beneficial approach to overcoming
cultural barriers to an open and honest communication with marginalized
clients.
◍ This term refers to the use of body movements, positions, and postures
within counseling sessions..
Answer: Kinesics
◍ which of the following is not true for a retrospective cohort study?.
Answer: they are useful to study rare diseases
◍ Which of the following is included in Helms's White Identity Model?.
Answer: Reintegration- stage in Helms's White Identity Model in which
racial minorities are blamed for their problems.
◍ Which of the following professional practices is promoted by the ACA Code
of Ethics (2014)?.
Answer: Practice in a competent manner-Professional counselors are bound
by the ACA Code of Ethics and practice with the ethical values of justice,
fidelity, autonomy, beneficence, and non malfeasance. Counselors are
responsible for ensuring that they are practicing in a competent and ethical
manner.
◍ T/F it is important that unexposed subjects are as healthy as the exposed
subjects to avoid selection bias in occupational studies.
Answer: true
◍ which one of the following can be assessed using a statistical test.
Answer: interaction
, ◍ all measurement issues should be addressed prior to data collection process
to ensure.
Answer: standard methodology, cost, time efficiency
◍ expresses the extent to which the observed agreement exceeds that which
would be expected by chance alone relative to the most that the observers
could hope to improve their agreement..
Answer: kappa statistic
◍ Which of the following refers to a change in thoughts, values, and behaviors
when a minority group comes into contact with a dominant culture?.
Answer: Acculturation
◍ Regressive interactions in a counseling relationship are marked by which of
the following?.
Answer: Counselors with high levels of social power and low levels of
cognitive complexity -Counselors who have low levels of cognitive
complexity are not able to engage in intricate exploration of self and others,
and when paired with high levels of social power, regressive counseling
interactions are likely to be enacted.
◍ bias influences the ___ of a study.
Answer: validity
◍ select the appropriate study design. a study investigated the association
between occupational exposure to compound x and skin cancer in a large
chemical factory. exposure data was abstracted using employee records and
each worker's contact with compound x was determined. not all workers
were exposed to compound x. exposure groups were established based on a
worker's history of contact with compound x. cases of skin cancer that
occurred during the study period were determined using data from the states
cancer registry. lung cancer incidence was examined by the worker's
exposure status.
Answer: retrospective cohort study
◍ Covert and overt behaviors based on cultural generalizations are called:.
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ select the appropriate study design.a study investigated the association
between multivitamin use and anemia in older adults. a total of 1000
patients with anemia in participating hospitals were interviewed about their
history of multivitamin use. another group of 1000 patients, who were also
receiving care in the same hospitals as cases with anemia, but not anemic,
were also interviewed about their history of multivitamin use..
Answer: case-control
◍ what type of bis occurs when a different factor, other than your main
exposure, causes spurious associations in your study findings.
Answer: confounding
◍ which of the following statements is false about cross-sectional studies.
Answer: they are directional analyses
◍ T/F a detection bias is when a physician gives more thorough exams to
patients who are exposed or have symptoms related to exposure compared to
patients who are unexposed.
Answer: true
◍ T/F selection bias occurs in cross-sectional studies when exposed cases can
survive longer than unexposed cases or vice versa.
Answer: true
◍ internal validity helps to infer about.
Answer: the source population
◍ Which of the following is a complex process during which individuals
, determine which parts of certain ethnic groups belong to them?.
Answer: Ethnic identity development-term used to describe the process by
which an individual determines his or her own unique ethnic identity.
◍ According to ___________________________ (2020), people of color and
marginalized populations statistically bore the brunt of the negative impacts
related to world events..
Answer: self-disclosure- increased level of self-disclosure on the part of the
counselor is often a necessary and beneficial approach to overcoming
cultural barriers to an open and honest communication with marginalized
clients.
◍ This term refers to the use of body movements, positions, and postures
within counseling sessions..
Answer: Kinesics
◍ which of the following is not true for a retrospective cohort study?.
Answer: they are useful to study rare diseases
◍ Which of the following is included in Helms's White Identity Model?.
Answer: Reintegration- stage in Helms's White Identity Model in which
racial minorities are blamed for their problems.
◍ Which of the following professional practices is promoted by the ACA Code
of Ethics (2014)?.
Answer: Practice in a competent manner-Professional counselors are bound
by the ACA Code of Ethics and practice with the ethical values of justice,
fidelity, autonomy, beneficence, and non malfeasance. Counselors are
responsible for ensuring that they are practicing in a competent and ethical
manner.
◍ T/F it is important that unexposed subjects are as healthy as the exposed
subjects to avoid selection bias in occupational studies.
Answer: true
◍ which one of the following can be assessed using a statistical test.
Answer: interaction
, ◍ all measurement issues should be addressed prior to data collection process
to ensure.
Answer: standard methodology, cost, time efficiency
◍ expresses the extent to which the observed agreement exceeds that which
would be expected by chance alone relative to the most that the observers
could hope to improve their agreement..
Answer: kappa statistic
◍ Which of the following refers to a change in thoughts, values, and behaviors
when a minority group comes into contact with a dominant culture?.
Answer: Acculturation
◍ Regressive interactions in a counseling relationship are marked by which of
the following?.
Answer: Counselors with high levels of social power and low levels of
cognitive complexity -Counselors who have low levels of cognitive
complexity are not able to engage in intricate exploration of self and others,
and when paired with high levels of social power, regressive counseling
interactions are likely to be enacted.
◍ bias influences the ___ of a study.
Answer: validity
◍ select the appropriate study design. a study investigated the association
between occupational exposure to compound x and skin cancer in a large
chemical factory. exposure data was abstracted using employee records and
each worker's contact with compound x was determined. not all workers
were exposed to compound x. exposure groups were established based on a
worker's history of contact with compound x. cases of skin cancer that
occurred during the study period were determined using data from the states
cancer registry. lung cancer incidence was examined by the worker's
exposure status.
Answer: retrospective cohort study
◍ Covert and overt behaviors based on cultural generalizations are called:.
