NSG 300 TOPIC 7 Foundations of Nursing
GCU Questions and Answers
1. respiration
ANS the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism
2. what are the three steps in the process of oxygenation?
ANS ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion
3. ventilation
ANS the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs
4. perfusion
ANS the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenates blood to the tissues and return
deoxy- genated blood to the lungs
5. diffusion
ANS exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries
6. inspiration
ANS an active process, stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta.
7. expiration
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,ANS a passive process that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs, requiring little or no
muscle work.
8. surfactant
ANS a chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them
from collapsing.
9. atelectasis
ANS a collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. (collapsed
lung)
10. compliance
ANS the ability of the lungs to distend or expand in response to increased interalveolar pressure.
11. when does compliance of the lungs decrease?
ANS in diseases such as pulmonary edema, interstitial and pleural fibrosis, and congenital
or traumatic structural abnormalities such as kyphosis or fractured ribs.
12. airway resistance
ANS the increase in pressure that occurs as the diameter of the airways decreases from
mouth/nose to alveoli.
13. increased vs decreased airway resistance
ANS increased
ANS bronchoconstriction decreases
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, ANS bronchodilation
14. prolonged use of accessory muscles....
ANS does not promote effective ventilation and causes fatigue.
15. where do you see the use of accessory muscles in a patient
ANS During assessment observe for elevation of the patient's clavicles during inspiration, which
can indicate ventilatory fatigue, air hunger, or decreased lung expansion.
16. tidal volume
ANS is the amount of air exhaled following a normal inspiration.
17. residual volume
ANS is the amount of air left in the alveoli after a full expiration.
18. forced vital capacity
ANS the maximum amount of air that can be removed from the lungs during forced
expiration
19. blood moves to and from the for
gas exchange
ANS alveloar capillary
20. What affects the rate of diffusion?
ANS thickness of membrane (increased. thickness takes gases longer to transfer across
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GCU Questions and Answers
1. respiration
ANS the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism
2. what are the three steps in the process of oxygenation?
ANS ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion
3. ventilation
ANS the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs
4. perfusion
ANS the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenates blood to the tissues and return
deoxy- genated blood to the lungs
5. diffusion
ANS exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries
6. inspiration
ANS an active process, stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta.
7. expiration
1/
16
,ANS a passive process that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs, requiring little or no
muscle work.
8. surfactant
ANS a chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them
from collapsing.
9. atelectasis
ANS a collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. (collapsed
lung)
10. compliance
ANS the ability of the lungs to distend or expand in response to increased interalveolar pressure.
11. when does compliance of the lungs decrease?
ANS in diseases such as pulmonary edema, interstitial and pleural fibrosis, and congenital
or traumatic structural abnormalities such as kyphosis or fractured ribs.
12. airway resistance
ANS the increase in pressure that occurs as the diameter of the airways decreases from
mouth/nose to alveoli.
13. increased vs decreased airway resistance
ANS increased
ANS bronchoconstriction decreases
2/
16
, ANS bronchodilation
14. prolonged use of accessory muscles....
ANS does not promote effective ventilation and causes fatigue.
15. where do you see the use of accessory muscles in a patient
ANS During assessment observe for elevation of the patient's clavicles during inspiration, which
can indicate ventilatory fatigue, air hunger, or decreased lung expansion.
16. tidal volume
ANS is the amount of air exhaled following a normal inspiration.
17. residual volume
ANS is the amount of air left in the alveoli after a full expiration.
18. forced vital capacity
ANS the maximum amount of air that can be removed from the lungs during forced
expiration
19. blood moves to and from the for
gas exchange
ANS alveloar capillary
20. What affects the rate of diffusion?
ANS thickness of membrane (increased. thickness takes gases longer to transfer across
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16
