Period 3: Preparation for the future, 1939-1965
Give this one a try later!
, • Franklin Henry:
– Establishes psychology of physical activity program at Cal Berkley
• Warren Johnson and Arthur Slatter-Hammel:
– Helped create discipline of exercise and sport science
– Assesses precompetitive emotions of athletes
• Continued the unfortunate trend of limited application until…
Dorothy Hazeltine Yates:
– One of the first women to practice both sport psychology and conduct
research
• Consulted w/university boxers, teaching them how to use relaxation and
other skills to manage emotions and enhance performance
– Relaxation-Set Method
– Published data to support her work
SITUATIONAL FACTORS
Give this one a try later!
• Situational considerations (not just traits!)
- Probability of success (depends on who your competition is)
- Incentive value of success (more satisfying to beat a worthy opponent)
• Tasks that are difficult but attainable (i.e., 50/50), provide high achievers
most incentive for engaging in achievement behavior
• Low achievers see this as a potential to experience shame in losing to an
evenly matched opponent
,Why/how arousal influences performance
Give this one a try later!
• Increased muscle tension, fatigue, and coordination difficulties
• Reports of stress = soreness, aches, pains
• Inefficient use of energy
• Rock climbers study...
• Changes in attention, concentration, and visual search
• Narrowing of attention
• Shift to dominant attention style
• Attending to inappropriate cues
Period 1: The early years, 1893-1920
Give this one a try later!
- Norman Triplett
- Social facilitation theory
- "1st sport psychology experiment ever to be performed"
• Runners experiment
- Running in groups =better performance vs solo trial
- Invisible competitive engine?
- "bodily presence of another contestant participating simultaneously in the
race serves to liberate latent energy not ordinarily available" (Triplett, 1898)
, Drive Theory
Give this one a try later!
ADD textbook def????
Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2)...state anxiety test
Give this one a try later!
• Item scoring for all items except 14: not at all = 1 point; somewhat = 2
points; moderately so = 3 points; very much so = 4.
• Scoring for item 14: not at all = 4 points; somewhat = 3 points; moderately
so = 2 points; very much so = 1 point.
• The Cognitive State Anxiety subscale includes items 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22,
and 25.
• The Somatic State Anxiety subscale includes items 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23,
26.
• The Self-Confidence Anxiety subscale includes items 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21,
24, and 27.
• Your scores for each subscale will range from 9 to 36, with 9 indicating
low anxiety or confidence and 36 indicating high anxiety or confidence
Give this one a try later!
, • Franklin Henry:
– Establishes psychology of physical activity program at Cal Berkley
• Warren Johnson and Arthur Slatter-Hammel:
– Helped create discipline of exercise and sport science
– Assesses precompetitive emotions of athletes
• Continued the unfortunate trend of limited application until…
Dorothy Hazeltine Yates:
– One of the first women to practice both sport psychology and conduct
research
• Consulted w/university boxers, teaching them how to use relaxation and
other skills to manage emotions and enhance performance
– Relaxation-Set Method
– Published data to support her work
SITUATIONAL FACTORS
Give this one a try later!
• Situational considerations (not just traits!)
- Probability of success (depends on who your competition is)
- Incentive value of success (more satisfying to beat a worthy opponent)
• Tasks that are difficult but attainable (i.e., 50/50), provide high achievers
most incentive for engaging in achievement behavior
• Low achievers see this as a potential to experience shame in losing to an
evenly matched opponent
,Why/how arousal influences performance
Give this one a try later!
• Increased muscle tension, fatigue, and coordination difficulties
• Reports of stress = soreness, aches, pains
• Inefficient use of energy
• Rock climbers study...
• Changes in attention, concentration, and visual search
• Narrowing of attention
• Shift to dominant attention style
• Attending to inappropriate cues
Period 1: The early years, 1893-1920
Give this one a try later!
- Norman Triplett
- Social facilitation theory
- "1st sport psychology experiment ever to be performed"
• Runners experiment
- Running in groups =better performance vs solo trial
- Invisible competitive engine?
- "bodily presence of another contestant participating simultaneously in the
race serves to liberate latent energy not ordinarily available" (Triplett, 1898)
, Drive Theory
Give this one a try later!
ADD textbook def????
Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2)...state anxiety test
Give this one a try later!
• Item scoring for all items except 14: not at all = 1 point; somewhat = 2
points; moderately so = 3 points; very much so = 4.
• Scoring for item 14: not at all = 4 points; somewhat = 3 points; moderately
so = 2 points; very much so = 1 point.
• The Cognitive State Anxiety subscale includes items 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22,
and 25.
• The Somatic State Anxiety subscale includes items 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23,
26.
• The Self-Confidence Anxiety subscale includes items 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21,
24, and 27.
• Your scores for each subscale will range from 9 to 36, with 9 indicating
low anxiety or confidence and 36 indicating high anxiety or confidence
