Stable Attributions (Attribution Theory)
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Stability: a factor to which one attributes success or failure is consistent
(one's strong practice, skills or talent) or unstable (chance or luck).
Why use relaxation training?
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, To calm the body physiologically. Decrease muscle tension, heart rate and
breathing rate.
Shift attention from anxiety provoking thoughts to a relaxed, focused mind
set but still highly motivated.
Help athlete reach optimal level of arousal before and during competition.
*Method for developing PST skill of optimal mental and physical arousal
4 main goals of Science
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1. Systematically organized (no "hunches")
2. Control (What populations/people are you studying)
3. Empirical (it has data)
4. Critical (we question what we're doing)
Nideffer's Model of Attentional Style
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Assess, Analyze, Perform, Rehearse
Broad-External: rapidly assessing a situation (fast break)
Broad-Internal: Analyze and plan, make game plans
Narrow-External: required at moment of execution, focused on 1 or 2
pieces of info (shooting free throw)
Narrow-Internal: 'tuning in' with the body, centering and calming oneself,
mentally rehearsing
Theoretical Perspectives in Social Psychology (there are 3)
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1. Psychoanalytic Theories (Freud): idea of homo-valen: we are all striving
humans with inner urges that drive our behavior. Our behavior is a function
of our instincts and human DNA.
B= f(P)
2. Behavioral Theories (Pavlov and Skinner): idea of homo-mechanicus: we
are reactive humans. We don't have instincts rather we are NURTURED,
these things are taught to us. Our behavior is a function of our environment.
B=f(E)
3. Cognitive Theories (Bandura, Lewin): We may have instincts and we may
be nurtured, but humans still have to THINK. Homosapien: we are all
thinking humans: we think about our social environments while also
bringing our own motives, goals, beliefs and values to every situation. KEY:
It's all about PERCEPTION. How a person interprets a situation drives their
behavior.
B=f(PxE)
Hollander's Typical Responses
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Learned methods of dealing with the environment (ie. TRAITS)
A valid indicator of the psychological core
Situation-centered models (B=f[E])
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, A stimulus in the environment causes a response in the person.
Person shows up with no drive or goals or motivational forces: an external
situation/person does it (coaches, teammates...etc.)
Achievement Motivation
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A measurable performance which can be evaluated in terms of a standard
of excellence, uncertainty of success or failure. Achievement Motivation in
sport is often called competitiveness
Behavior and Perception
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Behavior is controlled by its consequences-----PERCEPTION
It is all dependent on someones perception of what is a reinforcer for them
or what isn't. Everyone has different incentives...for example, some students
might not find chocolate enough of an incentive to speak up in class.
Methods
Give this one a try later!
Give this one a try later!
Stability: a factor to which one attributes success or failure is consistent
(one's strong practice, skills or talent) or unstable (chance or luck).
Why use relaxation training?
Give this one a try later!
, To calm the body physiologically. Decrease muscle tension, heart rate and
breathing rate.
Shift attention from anxiety provoking thoughts to a relaxed, focused mind
set but still highly motivated.
Help athlete reach optimal level of arousal before and during competition.
*Method for developing PST skill of optimal mental and physical arousal
4 main goals of Science
Give this one a try later!
1. Systematically organized (no "hunches")
2. Control (What populations/people are you studying)
3. Empirical (it has data)
4. Critical (we question what we're doing)
Nideffer's Model of Attentional Style
Give this one a try later!
Assess, Analyze, Perform, Rehearse
Broad-External: rapidly assessing a situation (fast break)
Broad-Internal: Analyze and plan, make game plans
Narrow-External: required at moment of execution, focused on 1 or 2
pieces of info (shooting free throw)
Narrow-Internal: 'tuning in' with the body, centering and calming oneself,
mentally rehearsing
Theoretical Perspectives in Social Psychology (there are 3)
,Give this one a try later!
1. Psychoanalytic Theories (Freud): idea of homo-valen: we are all striving
humans with inner urges that drive our behavior. Our behavior is a function
of our instincts and human DNA.
B= f(P)
2. Behavioral Theories (Pavlov and Skinner): idea of homo-mechanicus: we
are reactive humans. We don't have instincts rather we are NURTURED,
these things are taught to us. Our behavior is a function of our environment.
B=f(E)
3. Cognitive Theories (Bandura, Lewin): We may have instincts and we may
be nurtured, but humans still have to THINK. Homosapien: we are all
thinking humans: we think about our social environments while also
bringing our own motives, goals, beliefs and values to every situation. KEY:
It's all about PERCEPTION. How a person interprets a situation drives their
behavior.
B=f(PxE)
Hollander's Typical Responses
Give this one a try later!
Learned methods of dealing with the environment (ie. TRAITS)
A valid indicator of the psychological core
Situation-centered models (B=f[E])
Give this one a try later!
, A stimulus in the environment causes a response in the person.
Person shows up with no drive or goals or motivational forces: an external
situation/person does it (coaches, teammates...etc.)
Achievement Motivation
Give this one a try later!
A measurable performance which can be evaluated in terms of a standard
of excellence, uncertainty of success or failure. Achievement Motivation in
sport is often called competitiveness
Behavior and Perception
Give this one a try later!
Behavior is controlled by its consequences-----PERCEPTION
It is all dependent on someones perception of what is a reinforcer for them
or what isn't. Everyone has different incentives...for example, some students
might not find chocolate enough of an incentive to speak up in class.
Methods
Give this one a try later!
