TEST BANK +q
Ebersole and Hess' Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging in Canada
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
Veronique Boscart
+q
3RD Edition
+q
TESTBANK q
+
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Healthy Aging
+q +q +q +q +q
Touhy & Jett: Ebersole and Hess’ Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging, 3rd E
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
dition
MULTIPLE CHOICE +q
1. A man is terminally ill with end-
+q +q +q +q +q +q
stage prostate cancer. Which is the best statement about this man’s wellness?
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
a. Wellness can only be achieved with aggressive medical interventions.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
b. Wellness is not a real option for this client because he is terminally ill.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
c. Wellness is defined as the absence of disease. +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
d. Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
of wellness. +q
ANS: D +q
Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level of wellness; a nur
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
se can foster wellness in his or her clients. Wellness is defined by the individual and is m
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ultidimensional. It is not just the absence of disease. A wellness perspective is based on th
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
e belief that every person has an optimal level of health independent of his or her situatio
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
n or functional level. Even in the presence of chronic illness or while dying, a movement
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
toward wellness is possible if emphasis of care is placed on the promotion of well-
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
being in a supportive environment.
+q +q +q +q
PTS: 1 + q DIF: Apply REF: p. 7 + q +q
TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenan
+q +q +q +q + q +q +q +q
ce
2. In differentiating between health and wellness in health care, which of the followi
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ng statements is true?
+q +q +q
a. Health is a broad term encompassing attitudes and behaviors.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
b. The concept of illness prevention was never considered by previous generations.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
c. Wellness and self-actualization develop through learning and growth.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q
d. Wellness is impossible when one’s health is compromised. +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ANS: A +q
Health is a broad term that encompasses attitudes and behaviors; holistically, health inclu
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
des wellness, which involves one’s whole being. The concept of illness prevention was ne
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ver considered by previous generations; throughout history, basic self-
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
care requirements have been recognized. Wellness and self-
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q
actualization develop through learning and growth— +q +q +q +q +q
as basic needs are met, higher level needs can be satisfied in turn, with ever-
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
deepening richness to life. Wellness is possible when one’s health is compromised—
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
even with chronic illness, with multiple disabilities, or in dying, movement toward a higher
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +
level of wellness is possible.
q +q +q +q +q
PTS: 1 + q DIF: Understand REF: p. 7 + q +q
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenan
+q +q +q +q + q +q +q +q
ce
3. Which racial or ethnic group has the highest life expectancy in the United States?
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
a. Native Americans +q
b. African Americans +q
c. Hispanic Americans +q
d. Asian and Pacific Island Americans +q +q +q +q
, Chapter 02: Cross-Cultural Caring and Aging
+q +q +q +q +q
Touhy & Jett: Ebersole and Hess’ Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging, 3rd Edi
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
tion
MULTIPLE CHOICE +q
1. Which of the following is a true statement about differing health belief systems?
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
a. Personalistic or magicoreligious beliefs have been superseded in Western minds b
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
y biomedical principles.
+q +q
b. In most cultures, older adults are likely to treat themselves using tradition
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
al methods before turning to biomedical professionals.
+q +q +q +q +q +q
c. Ayurvedic medicine is another name for traditional Chinese medicine.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
d. The belief that health depends on maintaining a balance among opposite qualiti
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
es is characteristic of a magicoreligious belief system.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ANS: B +q
Older adults in most cultures usually have had experience with traditional methods that have
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
worked as well as expected. After these treatments fail, older adults turn to the formal healt
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
h care system. Even in the United States, it is common for older adults to pray for cures
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
or wonder what they did to incur an illness as punishment. The Ayurvedic system is a nat
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
uralistic health belief system practiced in India and in some neighboring countries. This b
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
elief is characteristic of a holistic or naturalistic approach.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
PTS: + q + q 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 16-17 + q +q
TOP: + q Nursing Process: Assessment +q +q MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
+ q +q +q +q
2. Which of the following consideUratiS
+q onsNis m
Tost likO
+q ely to be true when working with
+q +q
N R I G B.C M +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
an interpreter?
+q
a. An interpreter is never needed if the nurse speaks the same language as the patient.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
b. When working with interpreters, the nurse can use technical terms or metaphors.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
c. A patient’s young granddaughter who speaks fluent English would make the be
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
st interpreter because she is familiar with and loves the patient.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
d. The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ANS: D +q
The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter is a true statement; the intent
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
is to converse with the patient, not with a third party about the patient. Many reasons may
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
prevent the patient from speaking directly to a nurse. Technical terms and metaphors may
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
be difficult or impossible to translate. Cultural restrictions may prevent some topics from
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
being spoken of to a grandparent or child.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q
PTS: + q + q 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 18-19 + q +q
TOP: + q Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
+q +q + q + q + q +q +q +q
3. An older adult who is a traditional Chinese man has a blood pressure of 80/54 mm Hg an
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
d refuses to remain in the bed. Which intervention should the nurse use to promote and mai
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ntain his health? +q +q
a. Have the health care provider speak to him.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q
b. Use principles of the holistic health system.
+q +q +q +q +q +q
c. Ask about his perceptions and treatment ideas.
+q +q +q +q +q +q
, d. Consult with a practitioner of Chinese medicine. +q +q +q +q +q +q
ANS: C +q
Using the LEARN model (listen with sympathy to the patient’s perception of the problem,
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
+qexplain your perception of the problem, acknowledge the differences and similarities, rec
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ommend treatment, and negotiate agreement), the nurse gathers information from the patie
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
nt about cultural beliefs concerning health care and avoids stereotyping the patient. In the as
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
sessment, the nurse determines what the patient believes about caregiving, decision making,
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +
qtreatment, and other pertinent health- +q +q +q +q
related information. Speaking with the health care provider is premature until the assessm
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ent is complete. Unless he accepts the beliefs, principles of the holistic health system can
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
be potentially unsuitable and insulting for this patient. Unless he accepts the treatments, c
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
onsulting with a practitioner of Chinese medicine can also be unsuitable and insulting for
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
this patient. +q
PTS: + q + q 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 18 + q +q
TOP: + q Nursing Process: Implementation +q +q MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
+ q +q +q +q
4. Which action should the nurse take when addressing older adults?
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
a. Speak in an exaggerated pitch. +q +q +q +q
b. Use a lower quality of speech. +q +q +q +q +q
c. Use endearing terms such as “honey.”
+q +q +q +q +q
d. Speak clearly. +q
ANS: D +q
Some health professionals demonstrate ageism, in part because providers tend to see many f
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
rail, older persons and fewer of those who are healthy and active. Providers should not as
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
sume that all older adults are hearing or mentally impaired. The most appropriate action
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
when addressing an older aduNltUwRoS
+q ulI
dNbeGtT
oBsp.eC
akOcM
learly. Examples of unintentional ageis
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q
m in language are an exaggerated pitch, a demeaning emotional tone, and a lower qualit
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
y of speech.
+q +q
PTS: + q + q 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 15 + q +q
TOP: + q Nursing Process: Assessment +q +q MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
+ q +q +q +q
5. The nurse prepares an older woman, who is Polish, for discharge through an interpreter
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
and notes that she becomes tense during the instructions about elimination. Which inter
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
vention should the nurse implement?+q +q +q +q
a. Move on to the discussion about medication.
+q +q +q +q +q +q
b. Ask the older woman how she feels about this topic.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
c. Instruct the interpreter to repeat the instructions.+q +q +q +q +q +q
d. Have the older woman repeat the instructions for clarity.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ANS: B +q
When working with an interpreter, the nurse closely watches the older adult for nonverbal
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +
communication and emotion regarding a specific topic and therefore validates the assessm
q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ent about the older adult’s tension before proceeding. Because the nurse notices her tensio
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
n, the nurse temporarily suspends the preparation to validate her assessment. If the nurse p
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
roceeds and the older adult is uncomfortable discussing elimination, then important instructi
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ons can be missed, leading to adverse effects for the older adult. Repeating the instructions
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +
can aggravate the older adult’s discomfort. Instructing the older adult to repeat the nurse’s
q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
instruction ignores her needs.
+q +q +q +q
Ebersole and Hess' Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging in Canada
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
Veronique Boscart
+q
3RD Edition
+q
TESTBANK q
+
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Healthy Aging
+q +q +q +q +q
Touhy & Jett: Ebersole and Hess’ Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging, 3rd E
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
dition
MULTIPLE CHOICE +q
1. A man is terminally ill with end-
+q +q +q +q +q +q
stage prostate cancer. Which is the best statement about this man’s wellness?
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
a. Wellness can only be achieved with aggressive medical interventions.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
b. Wellness is not a real option for this client because he is terminally ill.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
c. Wellness is defined as the absence of disease. +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
d. Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
of wellness. +q
ANS: D +q
Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level of wellness; a nur
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
se can foster wellness in his or her clients. Wellness is defined by the individual and is m
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ultidimensional. It is not just the absence of disease. A wellness perspective is based on th
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
e belief that every person has an optimal level of health independent of his or her situatio
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
n or functional level. Even in the presence of chronic illness or while dying, a movement
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
toward wellness is possible if emphasis of care is placed on the promotion of well-
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
being in a supportive environment.
+q +q +q +q
PTS: 1 + q DIF: Apply REF: p. 7 + q +q
TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenan
+q +q +q +q + q +q +q +q
ce
2. In differentiating between health and wellness in health care, which of the followi
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ng statements is true?
+q +q +q
a. Health is a broad term encompassing attitudes and behaviors.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
b. The concept of illness prevention was never considered by previous generations.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
c. Wellness and self-actualization develop through learning and growth.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q
d. Wellness is impossible when one’s health is compromised. +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ANS: A +q
Health is a broad term that encompasses attitudes and behaviors; holistically, health inclu
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
des wellness, which involves one’s whole being. The concept of illness prevention was ne
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ver considered by previous generations; throughout history, basic self-
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
care requirements have been recognized. Wellness and self-
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q
actualization develop through learning and growth— +q +q +q +q +q
as basic needs are met, higher level needs can be satisfied in turn, with ever-
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
deepening richness to life. Wellness is possible when one’s health is compromised—
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
even with chronic illness, with multiple disabilities, or in dying, movement toward a higher
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +
level of wellness is possible.
q +q +q +q +q
PTS: 1 + q DIF: Understand REF: p. 7 + q +q
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenan
+q +q +q +q + q +q +q +q
ce
3. Which racial or ethnic group has the highest life expectancy in the United States?
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
a. Native Americans +q
b. African Americans +q
c. Hispanic Americans +q
d. Asian and Pacific Island Americans +q +q +q +q
, Chapter 02: Cross-Cultural Caring and Aging
+q +q +q +q +q
Touhy & Jett: Ebersole and Hess’ Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging, 3rd Edi
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
tion
MULTIPLE CHOICE +q
1. Which of the following is a true statement about differing health belief systems?
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
a. Personalistic or magicoreligious beliefs have been superseded in Western minds b
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
y biomedical principles.
+q +q
b. In most cultures, older adults are likely to treat themselves using tradition
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
al methods before turning to biomedical professionals.
+q +q +q +q +q +q
c. Ayurvedic medicine is another name for traditional Chinese medicine.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
d. The belief that health depends on maintaining a balance among opposite qualiti
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
es is characteristic of a magicoreligious belief system.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ANS: B +q
Older adults in most cultures usually have had experience with traditional methods that have
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
worked as well as expected. After these treatments fail, older adults turn to the formal healt
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
h care system. Even in the United States, it is common for older adults to pray for cures
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
or wonder what they did to incur an illness as punishment. The Ayurvedic system is a nat
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
uralistic health belief system practiced in India and in some neighboring countries. This b
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
elief is characteristic of a holistic or naturalistic approach.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
PTS: + q + q 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 16-17 + q +q
TOP: + q Nursing Process: Assessment +q +q MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
+ q +q +q +q
2. Which of the following consideUratiS
+q onsNis m
Tost likO
+q ely to be true when working with
+q +q
N R I G B.C M +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
an interpreter?
+q
a. An interpreter is never needed if the nurse speaks the same language as the patient.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
b. When working with interpreters, the nurse can use technical terms or metaphors.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
c. A patient’s young granddaughter who speaks fluent English would make the be
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
st interpreter because she is familiar with and loves the patient.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
d. The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ANS: D +q
The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter is a true statement; the intent
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
is to converse with the patient, not with a third party about the patient. Many reasons may
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
prevent the patient from speaking directly to a nurse. Technical terms and metaphors may
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
be difficult or impossible to translate. Cultural restrictions may prevent some topics from
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
being spoken of to a grandparent or child.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q
PTS: + q + q 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 18-19 + q +q
TOP: + q Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
+q +q + q + q + q +q +q +q
3. An older adult who is a traditional Chinese man has a blood pressure of 80/54 mm Hg an
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
d refuses to remain in the bed. Which intervention should the nurse use to promote and mai
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ntain his health? +q +q
a. Have the health care provider speak to him.
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q
b. Use principles of the holistic health system.
+q +q +q +q +q +q
c. Ask about his perceptions and treatment ideas.
+q +q +q +q +q +q
, d. Consult with a practitioner of Chinese medicine. +q +q +q +q +q +q
ANS: C +q
Using the LEARN model (listen with sympathy to the patient’s perception of the problem,
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
+qexplain your perception of the problem, acknowledge the differences and similarities, rec
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ommend treatment, and negotiate agreement), the nurse gathers information from the patie
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
nt about cultural beliefs concerning health care and avoids stereotyping the patient. In the as
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
sessment, the nurse determines what the patient believes about caregiving, decision making,
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +
qtreatment, and other pertinent health- +q +q +q +q
related information. Speaking with the health care provider is premature until the assessm
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
ent is complete. Unless he accepts the beliefs, principles of the holistic health system can
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
be potentially unsuitable and insulting for this patient. Unless he accepts the treatments, c
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
onsulting with a practitioner of Chinese medicine can also be unsuitable and insulting for
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
this patient. +q
PTS: + q + q 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 18 + q +q
TOP: + q Nursing Process: Implementation +q +q MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
+ q +q +q +q
4. Which action should the nurse take when addressing older adults?
+q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q +q
a. Speak in an exaggerated pitch. +q +q +q +q
b. Use a lower quality of speech. +q +q +q +q +q
c. Use endearing terms such as “honey.”
+q +q +q +q +q
d. Speak clearly. +q
ANS: D +q
Some health professionals demonstrate ageism, in part because providers tend to see many f
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rail, older persons and fewer of those who are healthy and active. Providers should not as
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sume that all older adults are hearing or mentally impaired. The most appropriate action
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when addressing an older aduNltUwRoS
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learly. Examples of unintentional ageis
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m in language are an exaggerated pitch, a demeaning emotional tone, and a lower qualit
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y of speech.
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PTS: + q + q 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 15 + q +q
TOP: + q Nursing Process: Assessment +q +q MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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5. The nurse prepares an older woman, who is Polish, for discharge through an interpreter
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and notes that she becomes tense during the instructions about elimination. Which inter
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vention should the nurse implement?+q +q +q +q
a. Move on to the discussion about medication.
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b. Ask the older woman how she feels about this topic.
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c. Instruct the interpreter to repeat the instructions.+q +q +q +q +q +q
d. Have the older woman repeat the instructions for clarity.
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ANS: B +q
When working with an interpreter, the nurse closely watches the older adult for nonverbal
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communication and emotion regarding a specific topic and therefore validates the assessm
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ent about the older adult’s tension before proceeding. Because the nurse notices her tensio
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n, the nurse temporarily suspends the preparation to validate her assessment. If the nurse p
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roceeds and the older adult is uncomfortable discussing elimination, then important instructi
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ons can be missed, leading to adverse effects for the older adult. Repeating the instructions
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can aggravate the older adult’s discomfort. Instructing the older adult to repeat the nurse’s
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instruction ignores her needs.
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