Want+sto+s ear
n
$103+s per+s month
, Stuvia.com+s -
+s The+s Marketplace+s to+s Buy+s and+s Sell+s your+s Study+s Material
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Ban
+s +s +s +s +s
asik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
+s +s +s
MULTIPLE CHOICE +s
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +
spharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat,
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics hav
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
e been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
a. a sore throat. +s +s
b. streptococcal infection. +s
c. genetic susceptibility. +s
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B + s
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +
is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendenc
s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
y to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical
+s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
manifestation of the disease process.
+s +s +s +s +s
2. A 17-year-old college-
+s +s
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
example of +s
a. primary prevention. +s
b. secondary prevention. +s
c. tertiary prevention. +s
d. disease treatment. +s
ANS: A + s
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure f
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
or susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary preventio
+ s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s +s
n is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention incl
+ s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
udes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effecti
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
ve functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has de
+s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s
veloped.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
+s +s +s + s +s +s +s +s +s
a. primary prevention. +s
b. secondary prevention. +s
c. tertiary prevention. +s
d. disease treatment. +s
ANS: B + s
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Prima
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
ry prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for su
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s + s
sceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and att
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s + s
empts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves ma
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
nagement of the disease once it has developed.
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s
Downloaded+s by:+s melaniemora1994+s |+s Want+sto+s ear
m n
Distribution+s of+s this+s document+s is+s illegal $103+s per+s month
, Stuvia.com+s -
+s The+s Marketplace+s to+s Buy+s and+s Sell+s your+s Study+s Material
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
intake. This is an example of
+ s +s +s +s +s +s
a. primary prevention. +s
b. secondary prevention. +s
c. tertiary prevention. +s
d. disease treatment. +s
ANS: B + s
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease,
+s + s + s + s +s + s + s + s + s + s + s
such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is pre
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
vention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disab
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
ility and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the d
+s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s
isease once it has developed. + s + s +s +s
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
lowering medication. This is an example of+ s +s +s +s +s +s
a. primary prevention. +s
b. secondary prevention. +s
c. tertiary prevention. +s
d. disease treatment. +s
ANS: C + s
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary preventi
+s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
on is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment invo
+s +s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
lves management of the disease once it has developed.
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
this disease. This stage of illness is called the
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +sstage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B + s
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the fi
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
rst appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptom
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
s indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise,
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refe
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
rs to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
7. A +s disease that is native to a particular region is called
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
Downloaded+s by:+s melaniemora1994+s |+s Want+sto+s ear
m n
Distribution+s of+s this+s document+s is+s illegal $103+s per+s month
, Stuvia.com+s -
+s The+s Marketplace+s to+s Buy+s and+s Sell+s your+s Study+s Material
ANS: B + s
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease th
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
at spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +
sdistribution pattern. +s
8. In +s general, with aging, organ size and function
+s +s +s +s +s +s
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. +s +s
d. are unknown.+s
ANS: B + s
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
established, is referred to as
+ s +s +s +s +s
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B + s
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an i
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s + s
njurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent p
+s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
eriod or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period,
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s + s +
sor prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical ope
+s + s +s + s + s + s + s +s + s + s + s + s + s + s
ration.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE +s
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
(Select all that apply.) +s +s +s
a. gender difference. +s
b. situational factors. +s
c. normal variation. +s
d. cultural variation. +s
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E + s +s +s +s
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +
cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal
s + s + s +s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s
).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. +s
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
Downloaded+s by:+s melaniemora1994+s |+s Want+sto+s ear
m n
Distribution+s of+s this+s document+s is+s illegal $103+s per+s month
n
$103+s per+s month
, Stuvia.com+s -
+s The+s Marketplace+s to+s Buy+s and+s Sell+s your+s Study+s Material
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Ban
+s +s +s +s +s
asik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
+s +s +s
MULTIPLE CHOICE +s
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +
spharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat,
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics hav
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
e been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
a. a sore throat. +s +s
b. streptococcal infection. +s
c. genetic susceptibility. +s
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B + s
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +
is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendenc
s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
y to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical
+s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
manifestation of the disease process.
+s +s +s +s +s
2. A 17-year-old college-
+s +s
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
example of +s
a. primary prevention. +s
b. secondary prevention. +s
c. tertiary prevention. +s
d. disease treatment. +s
ANS: A + s
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure f
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
or susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary preventio
+ s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s +s
n is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention incl
+ s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
udes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effecti
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
ve functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has de
+s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s
veloped.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
+s +s +s + s +s +s +s +s +s
a. primary prevention. +s
b. secondary prevention. +s
c. tertiary prevention. +s
d. disease treatment. +s
ANS: B + s
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Prima
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
ry prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for su
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s + s
sceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and att
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s + s
empts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves ma
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
nagement of the disease once it has developed.
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s
Downloaded+s by:+s melaniemora1994+s |+s Want+sto+s ear
m n
Distribution+s of+s this+s document+s is+s illegal $103+s per+s month
, Stuvia.com+s -
+s The+s Marketplace+s to+s Buy+s and+s Sell+s your+s Study+s Material
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
intake. This is an example of
+ s +s +s +s +s +s
a. primary prevention. +s
b. secondary prevention. +s
c. tertiary prevention. +s
d. disease treatment. +s
ANS: B + s
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease,
+s + s + s + s +s + s + s + s + s + s + s
such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is pre
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
vention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disab
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
ility and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the d
+s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s
isease once it has developed. + s + s +s +s
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
lowering medication. This is an example of+ s +s +s +s +s +s
a. primary prevention. +s
b. secondary prevention. +s
c. tertiary prevention. +s
d. disease treatment. +s
ANS: C + s
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary preventi
+s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
on is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment invo
+s +s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
lves management of the disease once it has developed.
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
this disease. This stage of illness is called the
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +sstage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B + s
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the fi
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
rst appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptom
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
s indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise,
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refe
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
rs to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
7. A +s disease that is native to a particular region is called
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
Downloaded+s by:+s melaniemora1994+s |+s Want+sto+s ear
m n
Distribution+s of+s this+s document+s is+s illegal $103+s per+s month
, Stuvia.com+s -
+s The+s Marketplace+s to+s Buy+s and+s Sell+s your+s Study+s Material
ANS: B + s
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease th
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
at spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +
sdistribution pattern. +s
8. In +s general, with aging, organ size and function
+s +s +s +s +s +s
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. +s +s
d. are unknown.+s
ANS: B + s
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
established, is referred to as
+ s +s +s +s +s
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B + s
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an i
+ s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s + s
njurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent p
+s + s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
eriod or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period,
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s + s +
sor prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical ope
+s + s +s + s + s + s + s +s + s + s + s + s + s + s
ration.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE +s
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
(Select all that apply.) +s +s +s
a. gender difference. +s
b. situational factors. +s
c. normal variation. +s
d. cultural variation. +s
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E + s +s +s +s
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +
cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal
s + s + s +s + s + s + s + s + s + s + s
).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
+s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s +s
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. +s
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
Downloaded+s by:+s melaniemora1994+s |+s Want+sto+s ear
m n
Distribution+s of+s this+s document+s is+s illegal $103+s per+s month
