Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States, 11th Edition By Tommie L. Norris (All Chapters, 100% Verified Answers with Rationales)

,Porth’s Pathophysiology 11th Edition Norris Test Bank
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1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
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on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following commen
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ts made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered
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a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
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A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book +t +t +t +t +t +t +t +t +t +t +t


reviews and word games during social time
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B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
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facilities +t


C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabe +t +t +t +t +t +t +t +t +t


tes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-
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home cooking classes +t +t


D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis +t +t +t +t +t +t +t +t +t +t


sessions +t


E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children +t +t +t +t +t +t +t +t +t


Ans: A, B, C, E
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Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and
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social well- +t


being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” Engaging in book reviews
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facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical well-
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being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical well-
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being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the prevent
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ion of disease and spread of germs.
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2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
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variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
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referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health an
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d Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, whic
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h would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this repo
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rt?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
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descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
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B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to hyperc
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holesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime. +t +t +t +t +t +t +t


C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
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D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
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health care facilities.
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Ans: B +t


Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using alter
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native therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting h
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ealth for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good he
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alth (which includes living in a clean community with good access to health care). A cli
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ent's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels within the prese
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nce of a family history of CV disease does not meet the “attaining lives free of prevent
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able disease and premature death” determinant.
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,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large, uni
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versity hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation betwee
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n diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Whic
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h of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules th
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at cause disease?
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A) A 31-year- +t


old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of packed re
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d blood cells +t +t


B) A 91-year- +t


old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from familial h
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ypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year- +t


old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy a
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nd chest physiotherapy +t +t


D) A 30-year- +t


old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV po
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sitive.
Ans: D +t


Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle
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cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the
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effects of abnormal molecules.
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4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
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number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following
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aspects of clients' situations bN
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chSaI
raN
+tctGerTizBe.
s pCaOt hMo ge n e s i s rather than etiology?
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A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
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B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
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C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
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D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
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Ans: B
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Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the in
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creasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic
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injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
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, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arri
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ved to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the
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pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient ve
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rifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery di
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sease?
A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heartattacks.”
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B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
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French fries every day.”
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C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it
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easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
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D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins c
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ausing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.”
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Ans: C +t


Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the pa
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thogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a
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fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease.
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Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of ex
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ercise.


6. A 77-year-
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old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pul
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monary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the
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first time. WhichNU ofRthSeIfN
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loTwBin.gCaO
spMects of the patient's current state of health would
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be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
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A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
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B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
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C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
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bilaterally. +t


D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
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Ans: B
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Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem
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, such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sound
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s, and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
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