MHA 707 Exam D Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions 2025
opening of 20th century - ✔✔-doctors were solo practitioners
-hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit
-long term care for the elderly was largely home-based
-pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing was a small business
1847 - ✔✔founding of American Medical Association (AMA)
AMA
Changes in HC during the 19th century led to modern HC - ✔✔-established standards for preliminary
medical education for the degree of MD
-Code of medical ethics
-recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery and obstetrics
-noted the dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) and patent medicines
-recommended that state governments register births, marriages, and deaths
advances that made a practice of medicine more successful in treating health problems
(Accomplishments in early years?) - ✔✔-improvements in surgery made during the civil war
-application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists such as louis pasteur
provided the start for some of the largest names in the modern pharmaceutical industry : wyeth, pfizer,
squibb - ✔✔demand for therapeutics fueled by the civil war
,1861 - ✔✔founding U.S. nursing corps
nursing corps - ✔✔-created ambulance-to-emergency room system we know today
-established hierarchy of treatment stations to type of hospital facilities
1899 - ✔✔founding of association of hospital superintendents
Association of hospital superintendents became - ✔✔American hospital association (AHA)
1900 - ✔✔adoption of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death
Bertillon or International List of Causes of death - ✔✔-predecessor of the international classification of
Diseases (ICD)
-brought some standards and criteria in the study of diseases
both public and private sectors were involved in - ✔✔-providing health care coverage
-building the American health care infrastructure
1811 - ✔✔access to health care for members of the military, vets, and fam had become a public sector
initiative
1910 - ✔✔-early forerunners of health insurance plans appeared as "prepaid" group practices
-plan members paid a monthly premium and received a wide range of medical services through an
exclusive group of providers
,1929
What are Blue Cross and Blue Shield? - ✔✔-all as Blue Cross plans were established to provide "prepaid"
hospital care to workers in the public school system
-Baylor university hospital forward with the plan (created it)
- Provide prepaid hospital care to workers in the Dallas public system.
Blue Cross Blue Shield developed nationwide due to - ✔✔-the U.S. entering WW2 w/ caps on wages
-Subsequently, Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans developed nationwide
1940s - ✔✔BCBS unified
BCBS together served - ✔✔24M,
81 hospital plans
44 med plans
by 1960s BC had - ✔✔52M
by 1960s BS had - ✔✔40M
BCBS covered what percent fed employees - ✔✔33%
BCBS offered by - ✔✔-voluntary, nonprofit companies
-established as charitable and benevolent organizations
BCBS used what to set prices for their products - ✔✔community rating
why did BCBS use community rating - ✔✔data was too poor to do anything else
, community rating refers to - ✔✔- insurance pricing whereby everyone in the same geographic area pays
the same premium
-regardless of their health status, age, gender, family composition, occupation, health behaviors such as
smoking, or claims history
Experience Rating - ✔✔-tailors policies and premiums to a particular group or individual
-premiums are based on the insured person's prior claims, health status, and risk of future claims as
indicated by his or her age, gender, health behaviors, and so forth
between 1965 and 1999 - ✔✔congress passed legislation for three groups not covered by employer-
based insurance
-medicare for 65+
-medicaid for uninsured, low income
-CHIP for uninsured, moderate income
1986 - ✔✔two fed health policies enacted to solve problems related to health care coverage
-EMTALA
-HIPAA
Emergency medical treatment and labor act (EMTALA) - ✔✔prohibited "dumping" by medicare
participating hospitals with active emergency rooms
Health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA) - 1996 - ✔✔- brought about a number of
significant improvements in access to health coverage by mandating:
-continuity or "portability" of coverage in the private health insurance markets
-health insurance coverage for at least a two-day hospital stay for women who give birth vaginally and
four days for cesarean deliveries -sponsored by texas senator phil gramm
opening of 20th century - ✔✔-doctors were solo practitioners
-hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit
-long term care for the elderly was largely home-based
-pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing was a small business
1847 - ✔✔founding of American Medical Association (AMA)
AMA
Changes in HC during the 19th century led to modern HC - ✔✔-established standards for preliminary
medical education for the degree of MD
-Code of medical ethics
-recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery and obstetrics
-noted the dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) and patent medicines
-recommended that state governments register births, marriages, and deaths
advances that made a practice of medicine more successful in treating health problems
(Accomplishments in early years?) - ✔✔-improvements in surgery made during the civil war
-application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists such as louis pasteur
provided the start for some of the largest names in the modern pharmaceutical industry : wyeth, pfizer,
squibb - ✔✔demand for therapeutics fueled by the civil war
,1861 - ✔✔founding U.S. nursing corps
nursing corps - ✔✔-created ambulance-to-emergency room system we know today
-established hierarchy of treatment stations to type of hospital facilities
1899 - ✔✔founding of association of hospital superintendents
Association of hospital superintendents became - ✔✔American hospital association (AHA)
1900 - ✔✔adoption of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death
Bertillon or International List of Causes of death - ✔✔-predecessor of the international classification of
Diseases (ICD)
-brought some standards and criteria in the study of diseases
both public and private sectors were involved in - ✔✔-providing health care coverage
-building the American health care infrastructure
1811 - ✔✔access to health care for members of the military, vets, and fam had become a public sector
initiative
1910 - ✔✔-early forerunners of health insurance plans appeared as "prepaid" group practices
-plan members paid a monthly premium and received a wide range of medical services through an
exclusive group of providers
,1929
What are Blue Cross and Blue Shield? - ✔✔-all as Blue Cross plans were established to provide "prepaid"
hospital care to workers in the public school system
-Baylor university hospital forward with the plan (created it)
- Provide prepaid hospital care to workers in the Dallas public system.
Blue Cross Blue Shield developed nationwide due to - ✔✔-the U.S. entering WW2 w/ caps on wages
-Subsequently, Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans developed nationwide
1940s - ✔✔BCBS unified
BCBS together served - ✔✔24M,
81 hospital plans
44 med plans
by 1960s BC had - ✔✔52M
by 1960s BS had - ✔✔40M
BCBS covered what percent fed employees - ✔✔33%
BCBS offered by - ✔✔-voluntary, nonprofit companies
-established as charitable and benevolent organizations
BCBS used what to set prices for their products - ✔✔community rating
why did BCBS use community rating - ✔✔data was too poor to do anything else
, community rating refers to - ✔✔- insurance pricing whereby everyone in the same geographic area pays
the same premium
-regardless of their health status, age, gender, family composition, occupation, health behaviors such as
smoking, or claims history
Experience Rating - ✔✔-tailors policies and premiums to a particular group or individual
-premiums are based on the insured person's prior claims, health status, and risk of future claims as
indicated by his or her age, gender, health behaviors, and so forth
between 1965 and 1999 - ✔✔congress passed legislation for three groups not covered by employer-
based insurance
-medicare for 65+
-medicaid for uninsured, low income
-CHIP for uninsured, moderate income
1986 - ✔✔two fed health policies enacted to solve problems related to health care coverage
-EMTALA
-HIPAA
Emergency medical treatment and labor act (EMTALA) - ✔✔prohibited "dumping" by medicare
participating hospitals with active emergency rooms
Health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA) - 1996 - ✔✔- brought about a number of
significant improvements in access to health coverage by mandating:
-continuity or "portability" of coverage in the private health insurance markets
-health insurance coverage for at least a two-day hospital stay for women who give birth vaginally and
four days for cesarean deliveries -sponsored by texas senator phil gramm
