Biology 121 Final Exam questions and answers
Graded A+
Life - ✅✅defies simple definition
exists in many different forms
consumes many different types of food
found in many extreme environments
critical characteristics of all living organisms on earth - ✅✅composed of cells
represent "ordered complexity"
responds to stimulus
"grow" and reproduce
consume energy and do work
maintain a constant internal environment (homeostasis)
adapt (evolution)
polar molecules - ✅✅tend to dissolve in water (hydrophylic)
tend to have a charge, sometimes called ions
non-polar molecules - ✅✅tend to dissolve in oil (or other non-polar solvents)
hydrophobic
water - ✅✅H20 molecules are bent
"cohesive" / "adhesive"
high specific heat and heat of vaporization
,polar
atoms - ✅✅smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical
means
element - ✅✅pure substance made of only one kind of atom
compound - ✅✅substance made of the joined atoms of two or more different
elements
molecule - ✅✅group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
ion - ✅✅an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons
cohesion - ✅✅attraction between substances of the same kind
adhesion - ✅✅attraction between different substances
solution - ✅✅mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed
in another substance
acid - ✅✅compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
base - ✅✅compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a
solution
, carbohydrates - ✅✅organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1
key source of energy
found in most foods
monosaccharides - ✅✅building blocks of carbohydrates
single sugars
glucose, fructose
polysaccharides - ✅✅chains of three or more monosaccharides
starch
some function as storehouses of the energy contained in sugars
starch-made by plants
glycogen-made by animals
lipids - ✅✅nonpolar molecules that are not soluble in water
fats, phospholipids, steroids and waxes
protein - ✅✅large molecule formed by linked smaller amino acids
amino acid - ✅✅building blocks of proteins
nucleic acid - ✅✅long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides
Graded A+
Life - ✅✅defies simple definition
exists in many different forms
consumes many different types of food
found in many extreme environments
critical characteristics of all living organisms on earth - ✅✅composed of cells
represent "ordered complexity"
responds to stimulus
"grow" and reproduce
consume energy and do work
maintain a constant internal environment (homeostasis)
adapt (evolution)
polar molecules - ✅✅tend to dissolve in water (hydrophylic)
tend to have a charge, sometimes called ions
non-polar molecules - ✅✅tend to dissolve in oil (or other non-polar solvents)
hydrophobic
water - ✅✅H20 molecules are bent
"cohesive" / "adhesive"
high specific heat and heat of vaporization
,polar
atoms - ✅✅smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical
means
element - ✅✅pure substance made of only one kind of atom
compound - ✅✅substance made of the joined atoms of two or more different
elements
molecule - ✅✅group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
ion - ✅✅an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons
cohesion - ✅✅attraction between substances of the same kind
adhesion - ✅✅attraction between different substances
solution - ✅✅mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed
in another substance
acid - ✅✅compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
base - ✅✅compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a
solution
, carbohydrates - ✅✅organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1
key source of energy
found in most foods
monosaccharides - ✅✅building blocks of carbohydrates
single sugars
glucose, fructose
polysaccharides - ✅✅chains of three or more monosaccharides
starch
some function as storehouses of the energy contained in sugars
starch-made by plants
glycogen-made by animals
lipids - ✅✅nonpolar molecules that are not soluble in water
fats, phospholipids, steroids and waxes
protein - ✅✅large molecule formed by linked smaller amino acids
amino acid - ✅✅building blocks of proteins
nucleic acid - ✅✅long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides
