3/29/26, 9:06 AM NUR 376 Patho Final Exam Questions and answers with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards | Quizlet
NUR 376 Patho Final Exam Questions and answers
with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026)
UPDATE!!
Save
Terms in this set (109)
Immunodeficiency Immune system weakened to extent that it cannot
destroy foreign invaders and antigens can
overwhelm the body.
Immunocompetence refers to an individual's ability to protect oneself
from infectious agents due to a strong immune
system.
Immunosuppression indicates that there is a defective immune system
that is putting the pt at risk for infection.
Opportunistic Infection an infection that was caused by a microorganism
that flourished because of its host's deficient
immune system.
Hospital Acquired of Health-Care when a pt's infection is caused by microorganisms
acquired infection that originated within the clinical environment.
Difficult to tx due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity allergic reaction
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,3/29/26, 9:06 AM NUR 376 Patho Final Exam Questions and answers with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards | Quizlet
Type 2: Cytotoxic hypersensitivity mediated by Igs that target antigen on cells and
cause cell destruction.
Incomplete blood transfusion
Type 3: Immune Complex antigen combines with Ig within circulation and
hypersensitivity complexes are then deposited into tissues.
SLE, autoimmune disorders
Type 4: Delayed hypersensitivity initiated by T-cells that have previous exposure to
antigen
Dermatitis from exposure to poison ivy
Key lab values in Infections WBC 4,000-10,000 cells/mcL
Neutrophils: 40%-80% of WBCs / elevation =
bacterial infection
Lymphocytes: 20%-40% of WBCs / elevation = viral
infection
Eosinophils: 1%-7% of WBCs / elevation = allergic
reaction
Basophils: 0%-2% of WBCs / elevation = Parasite or
allergic reaction
Monocytes: 2% - 10% of WBCs / elevation =
Inflammation, chronic infections, autoimmune
disease
How can you determine You would look at the differences in the WBCs on
inflammation vs. infection from a the CBC, which provides info about the % of
CBC? different types of white blood cells.
An increase in neutrophils (makeup 40%-80% of
WBCs) can be indicative of a bacterial infection.
An increase in monocytes (macrophages) (2%-10%
of WBCs) can be indicative of inflammation /
autoimmune disease.
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, 3/29/26, 9:06 AM NUR 376 Patho Final Exam Questions and answers with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards | Quizlet
Hypervolemia Excess fluid in ISF & ICF caused by increased
hydrostatic pressure causing edema
Can be caused by: High Salt diet, heart failure,
kidney failure, or liver failure.
Hypernatremia High sodium content of the blood. Raises solute
content (more salt), in turn, raising OSMOTIC
PRESSURE.
Osmotic pressure The pressure exerted by the solutes in solution,
causes water to shift from ICF into the ECF ->
Causing cellular dehydration.
ECF gains fluid > Secreted by the kidneys > more
dehydration!
Polyuria excess urine being excreted.
This continues until fluid is replenished
appropriately
(Part of hypernatremia)
Hypovolemia Is caused by dehydration; a diminished level of
circulating blood volume that increases the
osmolarity of blood.
Hydrostatic pressure the force exerted by the blood confined within the
blood vessels or heart chamber.
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NUR 376 Patho Final Exam Questions and answers
with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026)
UPDATE!!
Save
Terms in this set (109)
Immunodeficiency Immune system weakened to extent that it cannot
destroy foreign invaders and antigens can
overwhelm the body.
Immunocompetence refers to an individual's ability to protect oneself
from infectious agents due to a strong immune
system.
Immunosuppression indicates that there is a defective immune system
that is putting the pt at risk for infection.
Opportunistic Infection an infection that was caused by a microorganism
that flourished because of its host's deficient
immune system.
Hospital Acquired of Health-Care when a pt's infection is caused by microorganisms
acquired infection that originated within the clinical environment.
Difficult to tx due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity allergic reaction
https://quizlet.com/1161595575/nur-376-patho-final-exam-questions-and-answers-with-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-update-flash-cards/?new 1/24
,3/29/26, 9:06 AM NUR 376 Patho Final Exam Questions and answers with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards | Quizlet
Type 2: Cytotoxic hypersensitivity mediated by Igs that target antigen on cells and
cause cell destruction.
Incomplete blood transfusion
Type 3: Immune Complex antigen combines with Ig within circulation and
hypersensitivity complexes are then deposited into tissues.
SLE, autoimmune disorders
Type 4: Delayed hypersensitivity initiated by T-cells that have previous exposure to
antigen
Dermatitis from exposure to poison ivy
Key lab values in Infections WBC 4,000-10,000 cells/mcL
Neutrophils: 40%-80% of WBCs / elevation =
bacterial infection
Lymphocytes: 20%-40% of WBCs / elevation = viral
infection
Eosinophils: 1%-7% of WBCs / elevation = allergic
reaction
Basophils: 0%-2% of WBCs / elevation = Parasite or
allergic reaction
Monocytes: 2% - 10% of WBCs / elevation =
Inflammation, chronic infections, autoimmune
disease
How can you determine You would look at the differences in the WBCs on
inflammation vs. infection from a the CBC, which provides info about the % of
CBC? different types of white blood cells.
An increase in neutrophils (makeup 40%-80% of
WBCs) can be indicative of a bacterial infection.
An increase in monocytes (macrophages) (2%-10%
of WBCs) can be indicative of inflammation /
autoimmune disease.
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, 3/29/26, 9:06 AM NUR 376 Patho Final Exam Questions and answers with verified Answers (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!! Flashcards | Quizlet
Hypervolemia Excess fluid in ISF & ICF caused by increased
hydrostatic pressure causing edema
Can be caused by: High Salt diet, heart failure,
kidney failure, or liver failure.
Hypernatremia High sodium content of the blood. Raises solute
content (more salt), in turn, raising OSMOTIC
PRESSURE.
Osmotic pressure The pressure exerted by the solutes in solution,
causes water to shift from ICF into the ECF ->
Causing cellular dehydration.
ECF gains fluid > Secreted by the kidneys > more
dehydration!
Polyuria excess urine being excreted.
This continues until fluid is replenished
appropriately
(Part of hypernatremia)
Hypovolemia Is caused by dehydration; a diminished level of
circulating blood volume that increases the
osmolarity of blood.
Hydrostatic pressure the force exerted by the blood confined within the
blood vessels or heart chamber.
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