portage pathophysiology exam 2 questions with
// // // // //
answers
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True/False:
Blood //tests //for //tumor //markers //can //make //a //diagnosis //of //cancer. //Why //or //why //not? //-
//CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔False, //only //tissue //can //diagnose. //Tumor //markers //are //helpful //to
//assess //response //to //therapy //or //reoccurrence.
What //is //the //most //important //procedure //in //diagnosing //the //correct //cancer //and //histology?
- CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔tissue //biopsy
// //
Explain //the //TNM //system: //- //CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔T //is //the //size //and //local //spread //of
//the //primary //tumor.
N //is //the //involvement //of //the //regional //lymph //nodes.
M //is //the //extent //of //the //metastatic //involvement.
1. //List //two //signs //or //symptoms //a //patient //may //present //with //that //might //indicate //a //cancer
//diagnosis:
2. //What //are //two //systemic //manifestations //of //cancer //exhibited //by //cancer //patients? //-
//CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔1. //S+S: //Bleeding; //sore //that //doesn't //heal; //fluid //in //the //pleural,
//pericardial, //or //peritoneal //spaces; //chest //pain, //shortness //of //breath, //cough, //abdominal
//discomfort //or //swelling. //Other //possible //answers //can //include //a //mass //or //lump, //pain
//(need //to //be //specific), //fatigue, //fevers, //weight //loss
2. //Systemic: //Weight //loss, //wasting //of //body //fat //and //muscle //tissue, //weakness, //anorexia,
//and //anemia, //fatigue, //sleep //disturbances
, 1. //What //are //the //three //possible //goals //of //cancer //treatment?
2. //How //does //radiation //kill //cancer //cells? //- //CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔1. //Curative, //control,
//palliative
2. //Radiation //therapy //uses //high-energy //particles //or //waves //to //destroy //or //damage //cancer
//cells. //This //leads //to //the //creation //of //free //radicals, //which //damage //cell //structures.
//Radiation //can //interrupt //the //cell //cycle //process, //kill //cells, //or //damage //DNA //in //the //cells.
True/False:
Cell //proliferation //is //the //process //of //increasing //cell //numbers //by //mitotic //cell //division. //-
CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔true
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True/False:
Cell //differentiation //is //the //process //of //increasing //cell //numbers //by //mitotic //cell //division. //-
CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔false
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What //are //two //important //properties //that //stem //cells //possess? //- //CORRECT
ANSWERS(S)✔✔potency //and //self-renewal
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Which //of //the //following //are //most //likely //to //have //arisen //from //an //adult //stem //cell? //-
CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔epithelial //(they //are //constantly //being //replaced)
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Define //polyp. //Are //they //benign //or //malignant? //- //CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔Polyps //are
//abnormal //growths //found //on //a //mucosal //lining, //such //as //the //intestine, //vagina, //mouth //or
//nose. //Polyps //can //be //benign //or //malignant.
// // // // //
answers
// //
True/False:
Blood //tests //for //tumor //markers //can //make //a //diagnosis //of //cancer. //Why //or //why //not? //-
//CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔False, //only //tissue //can //diagnose. //Tumor //markers //are //helpful //to
//assess //response //to //therapy //or //reoccurrence.
What //is //the //most //important //procedure //in //diagnosing //the //correct //cancer //and //histology?
- CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔tissue //biopsy
// //
Explain //the //TNM //system: //- //CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔T //is //the //size //and //local //spread //of
//the //primary //tumor.
N //is //the //involvement //of //the //regional //lymph //nodes.
M //is //the //extent //of //the //metastatic //involvement.
1. //List //two //signs //or //symptoms //a //patient //may //present //with //that //might //indicate //a //cancer
//diagnosis:
2. //What //are //two //systemic //manifestations //of //cancer //exhibited //by //cancer //patients? //-
//CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔1. //S+S: //Bleeding; //sore //that //doesn't //heal; //fluid //in //the //pleural,
//pericardial, //or //peritoneal //spaces; //chest //pain, //shortness //of //breath, //cough, //abdominal
//discomfort //or //swelling. //Other //possible //answers //can //include //a //mass //or //lump, //pain
//(need //to //be //specific), //fatigue, //fevers, //weight //loss
2. //Systemic: //Weight //loss, //wasting //of //body //fat //and //muscle //tissue, //weakness, //anorexia,
//and //anemia, //fatigue, //sleep //disturbances
, 1. //What //are //the //three //possible //goals //of //cancer //treatment?
2. //How //does //radiation //kill //cancer //cells? //- //CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔1. //Curative, //control,
//palliative
2. //Radiation //therapy //uses //high-energy //particles //or //waves //to //destroy //or //damage //cancer
//cells. //This //leads //to //the //creation //of //free //radicals, //which //damage //cell //structures.
//Radiation //can //interrupt //the //cell //cycle //process, //kill //cells, //or //damage //DNA //in //the //cells.
True/False:
Cell //proliferation //is //the //process //of //increasing //cell //numbers //by //mitotic //cell //division. //-
CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔true
//
True/False:
Cell //differentiation //is //the //process //of //increasing //cell //numbers //by //mitotic //cell //division. //-
CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔false
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What //are //two //important //properties //that //stem //cells //possess? //- //CORRECT
ANSWERS(S)✔✔potency //and //self-renewal
//
Which //of //the //following //are //most //likely //to //have //arisen //from //an //adult //stem //cell? //-
CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔epithelial //(they //are //constantly //being //replaced)
//
Define //polyp. //Are //they //benign //or //malignant? //- //CORRECT //ANSWERS(S)✔✔Polyps //are
//abnormal //growths //found //on //a //mucosal //lining, //such //as //the //intestine, //vagina, //mouth //or
//nose. //Polyps //can //be //benign //or //malignant.
