WGU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY D236
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
• Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream?.
Answer: Oncotic
• Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Answer: *pain in neck after drinking alcohol painless swelling of lymph
nodes in the neck, armpits or groin.
• if lymph nodes were to be swollen and sitting on top of the superior vena
cava what would the symptoms be?.
Answer: swelling of the face, neck, upper body
• lymphedema.
Answer: swelling or accumulation of the fluid due to blockage in the
lymphatic system often seen in pt who had them removed or cancer pt. *due
to blockage
• Oncotic.
Answer: a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
• lymphadenitis.
Answer: enlargement in one or more lymph nodes usually due to infection
*cellulitis-painful
• lymphadenopathy.
Answer: enlarged lymph nodes that become *palpable and tender
• a patient was recently diagnosed with lymphoma. what type of cells does the
provider know is a cancer of?.
Answer: lymphocytes
• In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a
primary determinant of oncotic pressure.
, Answer: albumin
• know the values of *Ph *PCO2 *HCO3.
Answer: 7.35-745 35-45 22-26
• _____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume.
Answer: Albumin
• One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity.
Answer: Possible answer: naive T cells
• Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children and
older adult patients more susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection Older adult
patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells Older adult patients
have more memory cells to combat infection Younger patients have a large
population of naive T cells Older adult patients have a large population of
naive T cells.
Answer: Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells Rationale:
younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens, which means
that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The primary immune
response is relatively weak compared to a secondary response mediated by
memory cells. Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to
younger patients. When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the
reduced number of naive T cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities
to "find" T cells that will be effective.
• what is R.O.ME..
Answer: Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
• Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates
actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS..
Answer: osmoreceptors
• pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream.
Answer: oncotic
,• Fluid deficit causes.
Answer: -Excessive loss -Inadequate intake -Or combination of both
• difference between children and adult immunity.
Answer: Native T Cells
• Fluid deficit risk factors.
Answer: -Vomiting/diarrhea -Excessive sweating -Insufficient water intake
• Fluid deficit manifestations.
Answer: -dry mucous membranes -decreased skin turgor -decreased urine
output -low blood pressure -tachycardia -confusion
• respiratory acidosis causes.
Answer: CO2 high PH low CNS depression COPD *hypoventilation
• ROME for ABGs.
Answer: Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal If pH and pCO2 are moving
in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are causing the imbalance
and it is respiratory in nature If they are moving the same direction then it is
metabolic in nature
• Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain
a blood pH of _______.
Answer: 7.35-7.45
• respiratory acidosis treatment.
Answer: improve ventilation (intubation) admin bicarb
• A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level
and a blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does the
patient have? Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis.
Answer: Metabolic alkalosis The patient's pH and CO2 level are both
elevating (moving in the same direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis.
The CO2 level is high because her respiratory system is attempting to
compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining more CO2
, • respiratory alkalosis causes.
Answer: CO2 low, PH high hyperventilation hypoxemia
• respiratory alkalosis treatment.
Answer: CO2 rebreather mask
• To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body
utilizes 3 buffer systems:.
Answer: proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
• metabolic acidosis causes.
Answer: PH Low, due to HCO3 low <22 *DKA, severe diarrhea, renal
failure, shock
• metabolic acidosis treatment.
Answer: sodium bicarb
• metabolic alkalosis causes.
Answer: PH high due to HCO3 high >26 excessive vomiting
• metabolic alkalosis treatment.
Answer: electrolyte and fluid replacement *administer vomiting meds
• what happens to dehydrated pts?.
Answer: ADH levels are high and RAAS is activated
• dehydration /fluid deficit s/s.
Answer: *headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, bad breath, dry mouth,
dark urine
• hypoventilation.
Answer: the body's carbon dioxide level rises causing the build up of acid
and too little oxygen. *respiratory acidosis *equilibrium shift to right
*HCO3 high *PH low
• Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system first line of defense is _____, second line
of defense is _____.
Answer: respirations; kidneys
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
• Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream?.
Answer: Oncotic
• Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Answer: *pain in neck after drinking alcohol painless swelling of lymph
nodes in the neck, armpits or groin.
• if lymph nodes were to be swollen and sitting on top of the superior vena
cava what would the symptoms be?.
Answer: swelling of the face, neck, upper body
• lymphedema.
Answer: swelling or accumulation of the fluid due to blockage in the
lymphatic system often seen in pt who had them removed or cancer pt. *due
to blockage
• Oncotic.
Answer: a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
• lymphadenitis.
Answer: enlargement in one or more lymph nodes usually due to infection
*cellulitis-painful
• lymphadenopathy.
Answer: enlarged lymph nodes that become *palpable and tender
• a patient was recently diagnosed with lymphoma. what type of cells does the
provider know is a cancer of?.
Answer: lymphocytes
• In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a
primary determinant of oncotic pressure.
, Answer: albumin
• know the values of *Ph *PCO2 *HCO3.
Answer: 7.35-745 35-45 22-26
• _____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume.
Answer: Albumin
• One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity.
Answer: Possible answer: naive T cells
• Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children and
older adult patients more susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection Older adult
patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells Older adult patients
have more memory cells to combat infection Younger patients have a large
population of naive T cells Older adult patients have a large population of
naive T cells.
Answer: Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells Rationale:
younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens, which means
that they have fewer memory cells than adults. The primary immune
response is relatively weak compared to a secondary response mediated by
memory cells. Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to
younger patients. When these patients encounter novel pathogens, the
reduced number of naive T cells gives clonal selection fewer opportunities
to "find" T cells that will be effective.
• what is R.O.ME..
Answer: Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
• Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates
actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS..
Answer: osmoreceptors
• pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream.
Answer: oncotic
,• Fluid deficit causes.
Answer: -Excessive loss -Inadequate intake -Or combination of both
• difference between children and adult immunity.
Answer: Native T Cells
• Fluid deficit risk factors.
Answer: -Vomiting/diarrhea -Excessive sweating -Insufficient water intake
• Fluid deficit manifestations.
Answer: -dry mucous membranes -decreased skin turgor -decreased urine
output -low blood pressure -tachycardia -confusion
• respiratory acidosis causes.
Answer: CO2 high PH low CNS depression COPD *hypoventilation
• ROME for ABGs.
Answer: Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal If pH and pCO2 are moving
in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are causing the imbalance
and it is respiratory in nature If they are moving the same direction then it is
metabolic in nature
• Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain
a blood pH of _______.
Answer: 7.35-7.45
• respiratory acidosis treatment.
Answer: improve ventilation (intubation) admin bicarb
• A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level
and a blood pH of 7.53. She is breathing slowly. What condition does the
patient have? Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis.
Answer: Metabolic alkalosis The patient's pH and CO2 level are both
elevating (moving in the same direction). This indicates metabolic alkalosis.
The CO2 level is high because her respiratory system is attempting to
compensate for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining more CO2
, • respiratory alkalosis causes.
Answer: CO2 low, PH high hyperventilation hypoxemia
• respiratory alkalosis treatment.
Answer: CO2 rebreather mask
• To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body
utilizes 3 buffer systems:.
Answer: proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
• metabolic acidosis causes.
Answer: PH Low, due to HCO3 low <22 *DKA, severe diarrhea, renal
failure, shock
• metabolic acidosis treatment.
Answer: sodium bicarb
• metabolic alkalosis causes.
Answer: PH high due to HCO3 high >26 excessive vomiting
• metabolic alkalosis treatment.
Answer: electrolyte and fluid replacement *administer vomiting meds
• what happens to dehydrated pts?.
Answer: ADH levels are high and RAAS is activated
• dehydration /fluid deficit s/s.
Answer: *headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, bad breath, dry mouth,
dark urine
• hypoventilation.
Answer: the body's carbon dioxide level rises causing the build up of acid
and too little oxygen. *respiratory acidosis *equilibrium shift to right
*HCO3 high *PH low
• Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system first line of defense is _____, second line
of defense is _____.
Answer: respirations; kidneys
