NU551 UNIT 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Central Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Consists of the brain and spinal cord, enclosed within
protective cranial vault and vertebrae
Different pathways in the peripheral nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Afferent (ascending) -
carry sensory impulses toward CNS
Efferent (descending) - innervate skeletal muscle or effector organs by transmitting motor impulses
away from CNS
Somatic Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Pathways that regulate voluntary motor control
Autonomic Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Regulation of the body's internal environment
(viscera) through involuntary control of organs
Further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
Two cells that constitute nervous tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Neurons
Nonneuronal neuroglial cells
Neuron - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅primary cell of the nervous system
electrically excitable cell and transmits and receives information
Neurological Cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅provide structural support, protection, and nutrition for
neurons
facilitate neurotransmission
,3 parts of a neuron - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cell body, dendrites, axon
Cell Body - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅•Mostly located in the CNS
•Cell bodies in the PNS are found in groups called ganglia
Ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Clusters of cell bodies in the PNS
Dendrites - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Extensions that carry nerve impulses toward the cell body
Axons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅long conductive projections that carry nerve impulses away from the cell
body
Axon Hillock - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the cell body.
Myelin Sheath - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Membrane made of a lipid material called myelin
May wrap around the axon
Nodes of Ranvier - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gaps in the myelin sheath to which voltage-gated sodium
channels are confined.
Myelin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Produced by Schwann Cells
Nutrient exchange is not possible through myelin sheath\
Acts as an insulator that allows an action potential to leap between segments rather than flowing along
the entire length of the membrane
Disorders of the myelin sheath - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅MS
, Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Four basic types of cell configuration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Unipolar
Pseudounipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Unipolar Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅One process, an axon, which branches shortly after leaving
the cell body
EX: retina
Pseudounipolar Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Have one axon process and one dendrite process. The
are fused to each other near the cell body and the axon then extends into the CNS
Bipolar Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Two processes, one axon and one dendrite
EX connects rod and cone cells of retina
Multipolar Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most common and have multiple processes capable of
extensive branching
3 Functional Classifications of Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Sensory - carry impulses from peripheral
sensor receptors to CNS
Associational - transmit impulses from neuron to neuron
Motor - transmit pulses away from the CNS to an effector
Neurolgia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅nerve glue
general classifcation of nonneuonal cells that support he neurons of the nervous system
Different types of neurolgia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅CNS: Astrocytes
Central Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Consists of the brain and spinal cord, enclosed within
protective cranial vault and vertebrae
Different pathways in the peripheral nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Afferent (ascending) -
carry sensory impulses toward CNS
Efferent (descending) - innervate skeletal muscle or effector organs by transmitting motor impulses
away from CNS
Somatic Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Pathways that regulate voluntary motor control
Autonomic Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Regulation of the body's internal environment
(viscera) through involuntary control of organs
Further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
Two cells that constitute nervous tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Neurons
Nonneuronal neuroglial cells
Neuron - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅primary cell of the nervous system
electrically excitable cell and transmits and receives information
Neurological Cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅provide structural support, protection, and nutrition for
neurons
facilitate neurotransmission
,3 parts of a neuron - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cell body, dendrites, axon
Cell Body - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅•Mostly located in the CNS
•Cell bodies in the PNS are found in groups called ganglia
Ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Clusters of cell bodies in the PNS
Dendrites - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Extensions that carry nerve impulses toward the cell body
Axons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅long conductive projections that carry nerve impulses away from the cell
body
Axon Hillock - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the cell body.
Myelin Sheath - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Membrane made of a lipid material called myelin
May wrap around the axon
Nodes of Ranvier - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gaps in the myelin sheath to which voltage-gated sodium
channels are confined.
Myelin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Produced by Schwann Cells
Nutrient exchange is not possible through myelin sheath\
Acts as an insulator that allows an action potential to leap between segments rather than flowing along
the entire length of the membrane
Disorders of the myelin sheath - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅MS
, Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Four basic types of cell configuration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Unipolar
Pseudounipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Unipolar Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅One process, an axon, which branches shortly after leaving
the cell body
EX: retina
Pseudounipolar Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Have one axon process and one dendrite process. The
are fused to each other near the cell body and the axon then extends into the CNS
Bipolar Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Two processes, one axon and one dendrite
EX connects rod and cone cells of retina
Multipolar Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most common and have multiple processes capable of
extensive branching
3 Functional Classifications of Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Sensory - carry impulses from peripheral
sensor receptors to CNS
Associational - transmit impulses from neuron to neuron
Motor - transmit pulses away from the CNS to an effector
Neurolgia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅nerve glue
general classifcation of nonneuonal cells that support he neurons of the nervous system
Different types of neurolgia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅CNS: Astrocytes
