BIOD102 FINAL 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE PRACTICE SET
◉ What does interphase consist of? Answer: G1, S, G2
◉ G1 and G2 Answer: the gap phases that are characterized by
cellular growth such as protein and organelle production
◉ S phase Answer: the time during which chromosomes are
duplicated and essential DNA information is replicated to be passed
to daughter cells during mitosis
◉ Mitosis Answer: the division of genetic material; can be broken
down into 5 subphrases (prophase, pro metaphase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase)
◉ Cytokinesis Answer: the process of dividing the cell's cytoplasm
◉ Origin of Replication Answer: located along the strands of DNA
are short nucleotides; the nucleotide sequence at each origin of
replication encodes for a start signal at which the process of
replication will be initiated by proteins that recognize and bind to
those sequences
, ◉ Helicase Answer: an enzyme that has the role of untwisting and
separating the helix parent strands at the replication fork
◉ Replication fork Answer: Y-shaped area where the DNA strands
are beginning to untwist
◉ replication bubble Answer: as the helices begins to separate the
double strands, a visible replication bubble forms that will expand
as replication continues along the strand
◉ single stranded binding proteins Answer: act as a wedge to keep
the parent strands separated and stabilized
◉ topoisomerase Answer: in the front of the fork and its function is
to break the hydrogen bonds and the nucleotide bases and it plays a
role in rejoining the DNA strands when replication is complete; it is
able a stabilizing enzyme that reduces the strain in the strands that
occur during replication
◉ RNA primers Answer: complementary to the parental DNA strand
◉ RNA Answer: single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and it
does NOT have a thymine but a uracil
STUDY GUIDE PRACTICE SET
◉ What does interphase consist of? Answer: G1, S, G2
◉ G1 and G2 Answer: the gap phases that are characterized by
cellular growth such as protein and organelle production
◉ S phase Answer: the time during which chromosomes are
duplicated and essential DNA information is replicated to be passed
to daughter cells during mitosis
◉ Mitosis Answer: the division of genetic material; can be broken
down into 5 subphrases (prophase, pro metaphase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase)
◉ Cytokinesis Answer: the process of dividing the cell's cytoplasm
◉ Origin of Replication Answer: located along the strands of DNA
are short nucleotides; the nucleotide sequence at each origin of
replication encodes for a start signal at which the process of
replication will be initiated by proteins that recognize and bind to
those sequences
, ◉ Helicase Answer: an enzyme that has the role of untwisting and
separating the helix parent strands at the replication fork
◉ Replication fork Answer: Y-shaped area where the DNA strands
are beginning to untwist
◉ replication bubble Answer: as the helices begins to separate the
double strands, a visible replication bubble forms that will expand
as replication continues along the strand
◉ single stranded binding proteins Answer: act as a wedge to keep
the parent strands separated and stabilized
◉ topoisomerase Answer: in the front of the fork and its function is
to break the hydrogen bonds and the nucleotide bases and it plays a
role in rejoining the DNA strands when replication is complete; it is
able a stabilizing enzyme that reduces the strain in the strands that
occur during replication
◉ RNA primers Answer: complementary to the parental DNA strand
◉ RNA Answer: single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and it
does NOT have a thymine but a uracil
