NFDN 2004 Midterm (Units 1-4) Study
Guide Exam with Actual Detailed
Answers.
Prenatal nursing - Answer Promotes physical, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being of
the whole family.
Work collaboratively with child-bearing women and their families throughout the child-bearing
year from preconception through pregnancy and childbirth and over postpartum transition
periods.
Care for child-bearing women and families in many settings, including the hospital, home, and
variety of ambulatory and community settings.
principles of prenatal nursing - Answer caring, health and well-being, informed decision
making, dignity, confidentiality, justice, accountability, and quality practice environment
vulnerable populations indigenous women - Answer prenatal morbidity and mortality rates
are higher
vulnerable populations immigrant and refugee women - Answer some have higher rates of
chronic disease, including diabetes and AIDS which result in preterm labor, gestational
hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction
Vulnerable populations homeless women - Answer at risk for pregnancy complications due
to lack of prenatal care, poor nutrition, stress, exposure to violence
Vulnerable populations LGBTQ parents - Answer may become parents and deserve respectful
care during the childbearing experience as well as during health screening and wellness care.
members of the interdisciplinary team in maternity nursing - Answer RN, LPN, OB
What is looked at involving birth weight research? - Answer areas, population, age, career-
related
infant mortality rate - Answer number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age/ 1000 live
births
fetal death rate - Answer Death in utero of fetus weighing 500 g or more (roughly 20 weeks
pregnancy) / 1000 births
,causes of fetal death rate - Answer •Premature labour
•maternal illness
•maternal malnutrition
•fetal factors such as chromosomal disorders, poor placental attachment.
neonatal mortality rate - Answer number of deaths of infants under 28 days of age / 1000
live births
causes of neonatal mortality rate - Answer •Prematurity, congenital issues, other.
•The neonatal death rate reflects the quality of prenatal care, care in labour and care of the
newborn.
•Number one cause of neonatal death: prematurity
prenatal mortality rate - Answer •Number of stillbirths and number of neonatal deaths per
1000 live births, includes the fetal and neonatal death rate.
most common severe maternal morbidities - Answer •Blood transfusions
•Post-partum hemorrhage
•Hysterectomy
•Cardiac arrest
•Myocardial infarction
•Pulmonary edema
•Pueperal sepsis
•Uterine rupture
•Eclampsia (high BP)
Maternal Mortality Rate - Answer Death as a result of the reproductive process or within 42
days of the termination of the pregnancy.
(does not include accidental death or incidental death )
trends in maternity - Answer •Childbearing delayed until 35 years or older
•Teen pregnancies steadily decreasing
•Significant variations and birth rates across the country
•Increase in multiple births
•Breastfeeding initiation rates steadily increasing in Canada
•C-section rates in Alberta increasing 17% in 1995 to 28% in 2009
,•98% of births take place in a hospital setting
Why is the infant mortality rate considered an indicator of a country's general health? - Answer
Infant mortality measures the quality of pregnancy, nutrition, and sanitation as well as infant
health in a country.
Name some possible causes of maternal death directly related to pregnancy. - Answer
Ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa, PIH, anesthesia, hemorrhage, infection
How many weeks' gestation does a woman need to be before her baby is considered full term? -
Answer 37-42 weeks of gestation.
fertilization - Answer Conception occurs not as an isolated event, but as a part of a
sequential process
gamete formation - Answer formation of sex cells, egg and sperm
ovulation - Answer the ovum is released from the ruptured ovarian follicle. High estrogen
levels increase the motility of the uterine tubes so that their cilia can capture the ovum and
propel it forward.
how long are sperm viable within the woman's reproductive system? - Answer 2-3 days
sperm transit time - Answer as little as 5 minutes, however the average transit time is 4-6
hours.
zygote - Answer once sperm penetrates the ovum the chromosomal material fuses and this
forms. Undergoes rapid cell division and travels through fallopian tube for 3-4 days.
fertilization requirements - Answer -Equal maturation of both sperm and ovum
-Ability of the sperm to reach the ovum
-The ability of the sperm to penetrate the ovum and reach fertilization
where does fertilization take place? - Answer Takes place in the outer third of the fallopian
tube, near the ovary
blastocyst - Answer Stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass, the out cells become the
trophoblast
, trophoblast - Answer Trophoblast cells displace endometrial cells at the implantation site
and the blastocyst embeds in the endometrium (this happens 6-10 days after fertilization)
´
´
pre-embryonic stage - Answer -Lasts from conception until day 14
-This period covers cellular replication, blastocyst formation, initial development of the
embryonic membranes, and establishment of the primary germ layers.
embryonic stage - Answer -Lasts from approximately day 15 to 8 weeks after conception.
-This is the most critical time for the development of the organ systems and the main external
features.
-Developing areas with rapid cell division are the most vulnerable areas to malformation caused
by teratogens.
fetal stage - Answer -This stage lasts from 9 weeks until the end of the pregnancy.
-Changes during this period are not as dramatic because refinement of the structure and
function is taking place.
-The fetus is less vulnerable to teratogens, except those that affect the central nervous system.
chorionic villi - Answer formed from the blastocyst after implantation is complete. Reach into
the uterine endometrium and begin forming the placenta.
placenta - Answer Grows out pf the trophoblast tissue. Oxygen and other nutrients (i.e.,
glucose) move from maternal blood through chronic villi to embryo. Serves as the fetal lungs,
kidneys and digestive tract while in utero. By term, the placenta weighs 400-600 g
decidua - Answer the thickening of the endometrium wall. This is sloughed off after birth.
amniotic membranes - Answer chorion, amnion, yolk sac, germ layers
embryonic structures - Answer chorionic villi, placenta
chorion - Answer Though thick membrane covering the amnion, embryo and the yolk sac.
Closest to the uterine wall, gives rise to the placenta.
Guide Exam with Actual Detailed
Answers.
Prenatal nursing - Answer Promotes physical, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being of
the whole family.
Work collaboratively with child-bearing women and their families throughout the child-bearing
year from preconception through pregnancy and childbirth and over postpartum transition
periods.
Care for child-bearing women and families in many settings, including the hospital, home, and
variety of ambulatory and community settings.
principles of prenatal nursing - Answer caring, health and well-being, informed decision
making, dignity, confidentiality, justice, accountability, and quality practice environment
vulnerable populations indigenous women - Answer prenatal morbidity and mortality rates
are higher
vulnerable populations immigrant and refugee women - Answer some have higher rates of
chronic disease, including diabetes and AIDS which result in preterm labor, gestational
hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction
Vulnerable populations homeless women - Answer at risk for pregnancy complications due
to lack of prenatal care, poor nutrition, stress, exposure to violence
Vulnerable populations LGBTQ parents - Answer may become parents and deserve respectful
care during the childbearing experience as well as during health screening and wellness care.
members of the interdisciplinary team in maternity nursing - Answer RN, LPN, OB
What is looked at involving birth weight research? - Answer areas, population, age, career-
related
infant mortality rate - Answer number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age/ 1000 live
births
fetal death rate - Answer Death in utero of fetus weighing 500 g or more (roughly 20 weeks
pregnancy) / 1000 births
,causes of fetal death rate - Answer •Premature labour
•maternal illness
•maternal malnutrition
•fetal factors such as chromosomal disorders, poor placental attachment.
neonatal mortality rate - Answer number of deaths of infants under 28 days of age / 1000
live births
causes of neonatal mortality rate - Answer •Prematurity, congenital issues, other.
•The neonatal death rate reflects the quality of prenatal care, care in labour and care of the
newborn.
•Number one cause of neonatal death: prematurity
prenatal mortality rate - Answer •Number of stillbirths and number of neonatal deaths per
1000 live births, includes the fetal and neonatal death rate.
most common severe maternal morbidities - Answer •Blood transfusions
•Post-partum hemorrhage
•Hysterectomy
•Cardiac arrest
•Myocardial infarction
•Pulmonary edema
•Pueperal sepsis
•Uterine rupture
•Eclampsia (high BP)
Maternal Mortality Rate - Answer Death as a result of the reproductive process or within 42
days of the termination of the pregnancy.
(does not include accidental death or incidental death )
trends in maternity - Answer •Childbearing delayed until 35 years or older
•Teen pregnancies steadily decreasing
•Significant variations and birth rates across the country
•Increase in multiple births
•Breastfeeding initiation rates steadily increasing in Canada
•C-section rates in Alberta increasing 17% in 1995 to 28% in 2009
,•98% of births take place in a hospital setting
Why is the infant mortality rate considered an indicator of a country's general health? - Answer
Infant mortality measures the quality of pregnancy, nutrition, and sanitation as well as infant
health in a country.
Name some possible causes of maternal death directly related to pregnancy. - Answer
Ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa, PIH, anesthesia, hemorrhage, infection
How many weeks' gestation does a woman need to be before her baby is considered full term? -
Answer 37-42 weeks of gestation.
fertilization - Answer Conception occurs not as an isolated event, but as a part of a
sequential process
gamete formation - Answer formation of sex cells, egg and sperm
ovulation - Answer the ovum is released from the ruptured ovarian follicle. High estrogen
levels increase the motility of the uterine tubes so that their cilia can capture the ovum and
propel it forward.
how long are sperm viable within the woman's reproductive system? - Answer 2-3 days
sperm transit time - Answer as little as 5 minutes, however the average transit time is 4-6
hours.
zygote - Answer once sperm penetrates the ovum the chromosomal material fuses and this
forms. Undergoes rapid cell division and travels through fallopian tube for 3-4 days.
fertilization requirements - Answer -Equal maturation of both sperm and ovum
-Ability of the sperm to reach the ovum
-The ability of the sperm to penetrate the ovum and reach fertilization
where does fertilization take place? - Answer Takes place in the outer third of the fallopian
tube, near the ovary
blastocyst - Answer Stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass, the out cells become the
trophoblast
, trophoblast - Answer Trophoblast cells displace endometrial cells at the implantation site
and the blastocyst embeds in the endometrium (this happens 6-10 days after fertilization)
´
´
pre-embryonic stage - Answer -Lasts from conception until day 14
-This period covers cellular replication, blastocyst formation, initial development of the
embryonic membranes, and establishment of the primary germ layers.
embryonic stage - Answer -Lasts from approximately day 15 to 8 weeks after conception.
-This is the most critical time for the development of the organ systems and the main external
features.
-Developing areas with rapid cell division are the most vulnerable areas to malformation caused
by teratogens.
fetal stage - Answer -This stage lasts from 9 weeks until the end of the pregnancy.
-Changes during this period are not as dramatic because refinement of the structure and
function is taking place.
-The fetus is less vulnerable to teratogens, except those that affect the central nervous system.
chorionic villi - Answer formed from the blastocyst after implantation is complete. Reach into
the uterine endometrium and begin forming the placenta.
placenta - Answer Grows out pf the trophoblast tissue. Oxygen and other nutrients (i.e.,
glucose) move from maternal blood through chronic villi to embryo. Serves as the fetal lungs,
kidneys and digestive tract while in utero. By term, the placenta weighs 400-600 g
decidua - Answer the thickening of the endometrium wall. This is sloughed off after birth.
amniotic membranes - Answer chorion, amnion, yolk sac, germ layers
embryonic structures - Answer chorionic villi, placenta
chorion - Answer Though thick membrane covering the amnion, embryo and the yolk sac.
Closest to the uterine wall, gives rise to the placenta.
