IAI Crime Scene Photography
Photography involves - answer the creation of an image using light
Composition suggests - answer intentional choosing, not happenstance
Composition will satisfy two goals - answer show the primary subject most effectively
and it will be the viewpoint that excludes as many irrelevant items and areas
surrounding the primary subject
Composition - answer most important and hardest part of crime scene photography
Before taking a picture - answer choose the primary subject
determine the proper exposure
focus the camera
Three cardinal rules of crime scene photography - answer fill the frame
maximize the depth of field
keep the film plane parallel
If the subject is long or wide - answerchoose the appropriate horizontal or vertical
viewpoint
Eliminate distracting backgrounds - answertilt the camera down more
Eliminate distracting foregrounds - answertilt the camera up more
Depth of field - answerthe variable range from foreground to background of what
appears to be in focus
For crime scene photography - answermaximizing the depth of field is a critical skill
Smaller aperture - answerlarger depth of field range
Hyperfocal focus - answerwhen infinity is in the background. Maximizes the depth of
field for large outdoor scenes
Zone focus - answerwhen infinity is not in the background
Focus by "rule of thirds" - answermaximizes the depth of field for smaller scenes
Overall pictures - answerexterior are best with the film plane parallel to the surfaces
,Diagonal views - answermakes things larger or smaller or closer adn father away
Midrange pictures - answerarrange subject and fixed feature as close to the same
distance from you as possible (isosceles triangle or wagon wheel)
Close-up pictures - answerHave the film plane parallel to the evidence is critical
Exposure stops - answerhalves or doubles the overall lighting.
+1 exposure stop - answerdoubles the previous exposure
-1 exposure stop - answerhalves the previous exposure
Exposure variables directly affects exposures - answershutter speed
apertures/f-stops
film speed/digital ISO equivalents
flash/ambient light
Proper exposure triangle - answerf-stops shutter speed
flash/ambient light
film speeds
Shutter - answersingle lens reflex (SLR) located in the body of camera where light
entering the lens is brought into focus
Two concepts of single lens reflex - answerimage viewed by the photographer through
the viewfinder and the light striking the sensor
Increasing the length the shutter is open - answerimages will be lighter and tend to be
overexposed
Decreasing the length the shutter is open - answerimages will be darker and tend to be
underexposed
F-Stop sometimes referred as - answerthe aperture of a lens of the diaphragm opening
of the lens
The diaphragm of the lens - answeris a set of blades, forming a circular opening, which
can be opened or closed to let more or less light through the lens
The aperture - answerthe size of the resulting diaphragm opening
Graininess - answerlack of resolution from using the improper film speed
ISO 100 - answeroutside sunny day 10am - 3 pm
,ISO 100 - answerexamination/comparison photos
ISO 400 - answerall other times and indoors photos
DX coding - answerfilm canister is marked with 12 areas giving information when
inserted into the camera
DX coding contains - answerISO film speed
number of exposures
exposure latitude of the film
Ambient light - answerlight present at the scene
Alter ambient light by - answerusing an electronic flash or create a shadow
For accurate color capture - answeronly use midday sunlight or use a flash
Shade, cloudy, twilight - answerblue
Sunrise, sunset - answerred
Tungsten - answeryellow/amber tint
Fluorescent - answergreen tint
White balance - answeronly works on things that are white
Exposure latitude - answerfilm can not capture all the scenes details in extreme lighting
conditions. More restricted when a digital camera is used
Dynamic range - answerthe exposure extremes digital pixels can detect and record
Film - answeroverexpose
Digital - answerunderexpose
ISO 100 speed film - answercorrectable for a 2 f-stop overexposure and a 1 f-stop
underexposure
ISO 400 speed film - answercorrectable for a 3 f-stop overexposure and a 2 f-stop
underexposure
Exposure latitude more restricted - answerwhen a digital camera is used
Burning - answeradds light or burns areas of a negative that were previously
underexposed
, Dodging - answerlight is held back from areas of a negative needing less light than the
print as a whole that were previously overexposed
Movement that can be controlled - answerphotographer body movement
subject movement
camera movement
To eliminate blur - answeruse the shutter speed that is closet to the focal length of the
lens of the camera
Freeze motion - answerfast shutter speed
electronic flash
panning
Eliminate rain and snow - answer2 to 3 second shutter speed
Neutral density filter - answerblocks light coming in through the lens, helps prevent
overexposure in outdoor scenes
Polarizer filter - answereliminates reflections from windows and water, eliminates glare,
helps prevents overexposure
Reciprocal exposures - answervariety of f-stop shutter speed combinations result in the
exact same exposres
Theory of reciprocity - answerfor every photo opportunity there are multiple exposure
combinations to choose from
Shutter speed for most crime scene photos - answer1/60 with f-stops: f22, f16, f11 and
f8
Reciprocity failure - answerusually occur at shutter speeds longer the 1 second and
faster the 1/1000th second
Digital cameras suffer from - answernoise
Dark noise - answerdigital sensor is exposed for long time intervals in dim lighting
situations, results in grainy images, where pixels are not properly recording colors and
light levels accurately
Light standard - answer18% gray card reflects 18% of light that strikes it
Reflective light meters - answerinside camera, designed to measure the amount of light
reflected from the scene through the lens into the camera
Photography involves - answer the creation of an image using light
Composition suggests - answer intentional choosing, not happenstance
Composition will satisfy two goals - answer show the primary subject most effectively
and it will be the viewpoint that excludes as many irrelevant items and areas
surrounding the primary subject
Composition - answer most important and hardest part of crime scene photography
Before taking a picture - answer choose the primary subject
determine the proper exposure
focus the camera
Three cardinal rules of crime scene photography - answer fill the frame
maximize the depth of field
keep the film plane parallel
If the subject is long or wide - answerchoose the appropriate horizontal or vertical
viewpoint
Eliminate distracting backgrounds - answertilt the camera down more
Eliminate distracting foregrounds - answertilt the camera up more
Depth of field - answerthe variable range from foreground to background of what
appears to be in focus
For crime scene photography - answermaximizing the depth of field is a critical skill
Smaller aperture - answerlarger depth of field range
Hyperfocal focus - answerwhen infinity is in the background. Maximizes the depth of
field for large outdoor scenes
Zone focus - answerwhen infinity is not in the background
Focus by "rule of thirds" - answermaximizes the depth of field for smaller scenes
Overall pictures - answerexterior are best with the film plane parallel to the surfaces
,Diagonal views - answermakes things larger or smaller or closer adn father away
Midrange pictures - answerarrange subject and fixed feature as close to the same
distance from you as possible (isosceles triangle or wagon wheel)
Close-up pictures - answerHave the film plane parallel to the evidence is critical
Exposure stops - answerhalves or doubles the overall lighting.
+1 exposure stop - answerdoubles the previous exposure
-1 exposure stop - answerhalves the previous exposure
Exposure variables directly affects exposures - answershutter speed
apertures/f-stops
film speed/digital ISO equivalents
flash/ambient light
Proper exposure triangle - answerf-stops shutter speed
flash/ambient light
film speeds
Shutter - answersingle lens reflex (SLR) located in the body of camera where light
entering the lens is brought into focus
Two concepts of single lens reflex - answerimage viewed by the photographer through
the viewfinder and the light striking the sensor
Increasing the length the shutter is open - answerimages will be lighter and tend to be
overexposed
Decreasing the length the shutter is open - answerimages will be darker and tend to be
underexposed
F-Stop sometimes referred as - answerthe aperture of a lens of the diaphragm opening
of the lens
The diaphragm of the lens - answeris a set of blades, forming a circular opening, which
can be opened or closed to let more or less light through the lens
The aperture - answerthe size of the resulting diaphragm opening
Graininess - answerlack of resolution from using the improper film speed
ISO 100 - answeroutside sunny day 10am - 3 pm
,ISO 100 - answerexamination/comparison photos
ISO 400 - answerall other times and indoors photos
DX coding - answerfilm canister is marked with 12 areas giving information when
inserted into the camera
DX coding contains - answerISO film speed
number of exposures
exposure latitude of the film
Ambient light - answerlight present at the scene
Alter ambient light by - answerusing an electronic flash or create a shadow
For accurate color capture - answeronly use midday sunlight or use a flash
Shade, cloudy, twilight - answerblue
Sunrise, sunset - answerred
Tungsten - answeryellow/amber tint
Fluorescent - answergreen tint
White balance - answeronly works on things that are white
Exposure latitude - answerfilm can not capture all the scenes details in extreme lighting
conditions. More restricted when a digital camera is used
Dynamic range - answerthe exposure extremes digital pixels can detect and record
Film - answeroverexpose
Digital - answerunderexpose
ISO 100 speed film - answercorrectable for a 2 f-stop overexposure and a 1 f-stop
underexposure
ISO 400 speed film - answercorrectable for a 3 f-stop overexposure and a 2 f-stop
underexposure
Exposure latitude more restricted - answerwhen a digital camera is used
Burning - answeradds light or burns areas of a negative that were previously
underexposed
, Dodging - answerlight is held back from areas of a negative needing less light than the
print as a whole that were previously overexposed
Movement that can be controlled - answerphotographer body movement
subject movement
camera movement
To eliminate blur - answeruse the shutter speed that is closet to the focal length of the
lens of the camera
Freeze motion - answerfast shutter speed
electronic flash
panning
Eliminate rain and snow - answer2 to 3 second shutter speed
Neutral density filter - answerblocks light coming in through the lens, helps prevent
overexposure in outdoor scenes
Polarizer filter - answereliminates reflections from windows and water, eliminates glare,
helps prevents overexposure
Reciprocal exposures - answervariety of f-stop shutter speed combinations result in the
exact same exposres
Theory of reciprocity - answerfor every photo opportunity there are multiple exposure
combinations to choose from
Shutter speed for most crime scene photos - answer1/60 with f-stops: f22, f16, f11 and
f8
Reciprocity failure - answerusually occur at shutter speeds longer the 1 second and
faster the 1/1000th second
Digital cameras suffer from - answernoise
Dark noise - answerdigital sensor is exposed for long time intervals in dim lighting
situations, results in grainy images, where pixels are not properly recording colors and
light levels accurately
Light standard - answer18% gray card reflects 18% of light that strikes it
Reflective light meters - answerinside camera, designed to measure the amount of light
reflected from the scene through the lens into the camera
