NURSES' GUIDE TO TEACHING
DIABETES SELF-MANAGEMENT,
SECOND EDITION
2ND EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RITA GIROUARD
MERTIG
TEST BANK
1) How insulin works — glucose uptake
Reference: Ch. 1 — Diabetes: The Basics — How Insulin Works
Question Stem:
A nurse is teaching a 45-year-old client newly diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes who says, “I do not understand why my blood
sugar stays high even when I eat less.” The client asks what
,insulin does in the body. Which explanation by the nurse is
best?
A. Insulin removes glucose from the bloodstream and helps
move it into body cells for use or storage.
B. Insulin prevents all glucose from being absorbed from the
intestines.
C. Insulin converts glucose into protein so the body can use it
later.
D. Insulin is only needed when the blood glucose is already
dangerously low.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale — Correct Answer:
Insulin is the hormone that helps glucose move from the
bloodstream into cells, especially muscle and fat cells, where it
can be used for energy or stored. This is the key concept behind
both diabetes pathophysiology and patient teaching.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
B is incorrect because insulin does not stop intestinal glucose
absorption.
C is incorrect because insulin does not convert glucose into
protein.
D is incorrect because insulin is not used only for hypoglycemia;
it is essential for glucose regulation.
Teaching Point:
Insulin enables glucose entry into cells for energy and storage.
,Citation:
Mertig, R. G. (n.d.). Nurses' Guide to Teaching Diabetes Self-
Management (2nd ed.). Ch. 1.
2) Classification of diabetes — type 1 recognition
Reference: Ch. 1 — Diabetes: The Basics — Classification of
Diabetes
Question Stem:
A 16-year-old client is admitted with a 2-week history of
polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue. The client is thin
and has a blood glucose of 382 mg/dL. Which classification is
most likely?
A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. Prediabetes
D. Gestational diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale — Correct Answer:
This presentation is consistent with type 1 diabetes: rapid
onset, weight loss, marked hyperglycemia, and classic
symptoms of insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetes typically
requires insulin for survival.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
B is less likely because type 2 diabetes usually develops more
, gradually and is often associated with insulin resistance.
C is incorrect because prediabetes does not present with this
degree of hyperglycemia or symptoms.
D is incorrect because gestational diabetes occurs during
pregnancy.
Teaching Point:
Rapid onset with weight loss and severe hyperglycemia
suggests type 1 diabetes.
Citation:
Mertig, R. G. (n.d.). Nurses' Guide to Teaching Diabetes Self-
Management (2nd ed.). Ch. 1.
3) Classification of diabetes — type 2 recognition
Reference: Ch. 1 — Diabetes: The Basics — Classification of
Diabetes
Question Stem:
A 54-year-old client with obesity reports increasing thirst and
urinary frequency over several months. The client has a family
history of diabetes and a fasting glucose of 142 mg/dL. Which
diagnosis is most likely?
A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. Gestational diabetes mellitus
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis
DIABETES SELF-MANAGEMENT,
SECOND EDITION
2ND EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RITA GIROUARD
MERTIG
TEST BANK
1) How insulin works — glucose uptake
Reference: Ch. 1 — Diabetes: The Basics — How Insulin Works
Question Stem:
A nurse is teaching a 45-year-old client newly diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes who says, “I do not understand why my blood
sugar stays high even when I eat less.” The client asks what
,insulin does in the body. Which explanation by the nurse is
best?
A. Insulin removes glucose from the bloodstream and helps
move it into body cells for use or storage.
B. Insulin prevents all glucose from being absorbed from the
intestines.
C. Insulin converts glucose into protein so the body can use it
later.
D. Insulin is only needed when the blood glucose is already
dangerously low.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale — Correct Answer:
Insulin is the hormone that helps glucose move from the
bloodstream into cells, especially muscle and fat cells, where it
can be used for energy or stored. This is the key concept behind
both diabetes pathophysiology and patient teaching.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
B is incorrect because insulin does not stop intestinal glucose
absorption.
C is incorrect because insulin does not convert glucose into
protein.
D is incorrect because insulin is not used only for hypoglycemia;
it is essential for glucose regulation.
Teaching Point:
Insulin enables glucose entry into cells for energy and storage.
,Citation:
Mertig, R. G. (n.d.). Nurses' Guide to Teaching Diabetes Self-
Management (2nd ed.). Ch. 1.
2) Classification of diabetes — type 1 recognition
Reference: Ch. 1 — Diabetes: The Basics — Classification of
Diabetes
Question Stem:
A 16-year-old client is admitted with a 2-week history of
polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue. The client is thin
and has a blood glucose of 382 mg/dL. Which classification is
most likely?
A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. Prediabetes
D. Gestational diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale — Correct Answer:
This presentation is consistent with type 1 diabetes: rapid
onset, weight loss, marked hyperglycemia, and classic
symptoms of insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetes typically
requires insulin for survival.
Rationale — Incorrect Options:
B is less likely because type 2 diabetes usually develops more
, gradually and is often associated with insulin resistance.
C is incorrect because prediabetes does not present with this
degree of hyperglycemia or symptoms.
D is incorrect because gestational diabetes occurs during
pregnancy.
Teaching Point:
Rapid onset with weight loss and severe hyperglycemia
suggests type 1 diabetes.
Citation:
Mertig, R. G. (n.d.). Nurses' Guide to Teaching Diabetes Self-
Management (2nd ed.). Ch. 1.
3) Classification of diabetes — type 2 recognition
Reference: Ch. 1 — Diabetes: The Basics — Classification of
Diabetes
Question Stem:
A 54-year-old client with obesity reports increasing thirst and
urinary frequency over several months. The client has a family
history of diabetes and a fasting glucose of 142 mg/dL. Which
diagnosis is most likely?
A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C. Gestational diabetes mellitus
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis
