Chapter 1: The Foundation of Physiology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is correctly matched?
a. anatomy/body function
b. bacteria/multicellular
c. organs/one primary tissue
d. physiology/body function
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 3 BLM: Remember
2. Which of the following is a mechanistic rather than a teleological explanation of a physiological
phenomenon?
a. A person breathes to obtain oxygen.
b. A person sweats to cool off.
c. A person’s stomach secretes digestive juices because it is stimulated by the
nervous system.
d. A person’s heart beats to pump blood.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 3 BLM: Higher Order
3. When a blood capillary is cut, a clot forms under which feedback control system?
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. extrinsic control
d. feedforward
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
4. Which of the following type of tissues uses the terminology “smooth”?
a. connective tissue
b. epithelial tissue
c. glandular tissue
d. muscle tissue
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
5. Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback system?
a. body temperature regulation
b. birth of a baby
c. room temperature regulation
d. blood pH regulation
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
4
, 6. Which of the following tissues can be found on the outer layer of the skin?
a. connective tissue
b. endocrine tissue
c. epithelial tissue
d. muscle tissue
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
7. Which statement is correct for the respiratory system?
a. It eliminates unwanted substances from the body.
b. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs.
c. It plays an important role in maintaining the proper pH of the internal environment
by adjusting the rate of removal of acid-forming carbon dioxide.
d. It is responsible for taking up nutrients for the body.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Higher Order
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true for connective tissue?
a. Bone is a connective tissue.
b. Blood is a connective tissue.
c. Elastin can be found in the extracellular material of connective tissue.
d. Connective tissue forms coverings and linings of the body cavities.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
9. Which sequence represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization?
a. cell, organ, tissue, system, organism
b. cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
c. tissue, cell, system, organism, organ
d. organ, tissue, cell, organism, system
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 4 BLM: Remember
10. Which statement is correct for extracellular fluid?
a. It is the external environment of the body.
b. It is inside each cell.
c. It consists of the plasma and interstitial fluid.
d. It consists of plasma only.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 10 BLM: Remember
5
,11. Which of the following systems mainly distributes nutrients and oxygen through the body?
a. circulatory system
b. digestive system
c. endocrine system
d. integumentary system
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Remember
12. Which statement concerning negative feedback is FALSE?
a. Negative feedback exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response
that opposes the change.
b. Negative feedback exists when the input to a system increases the output and the
output limits its own production by inhibiting the input.
c. With negative feedback, a control system’s input and output continue to enhance
each other.
d. Most of the body’s homeostatic control mechanisms operate on the principle of
negative feedback.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
13. Which statement regarding endocrine glands is correct?
a. They consist of ducts.
b. They secrete hormones internally into the blood.
c. They are derived from connective tissue.
d. They include the salivary glands.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
14. Which of the following is/are a type of connective tissue?
a. exocrine glands
b. bone
c. blood
d. both bone and blood.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
6
, 15. The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most of the
body’s cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration
of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following
statements is correct?
a. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn further lowers the blood glucose concentration.
b. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn lowers the blood glucose concentration.
c. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn increases the blood glucose concentration.
d. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which
further increases the blood glucose concentration.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
16. Sweating is initiated in response to a rise in body temperature that occurs on exposure to a hot
environment. Evaporation of the sweat cools the body. What kind of example is this?
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. feedforward mechanism
d. intrinsic (local) control mechanism
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
17. What are the two systems concerned with the control of body functioning by extrinsic controls?
a. nervous and respiratory
b. nervous and endocrine
c. endocrine and respiratory
d. endocrine and lymphatic
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
18. In which of the body systems is calcium mainly stored?
a. endocrine system
b. integumentary system
c. muscular system
d. skeletal system
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Remember
19. Which statements regarding stem cells is correct?
a. They are well differentiated embryonic cells.
b. They may reproduce just one time.
c. Their daughter cells may differentiate into a number of different specialized cell
types.
d. They cannot be readily grown.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 10 BLM: Remember
7
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is correctly matched?
a. anatomy/body function
b. bacteria/multicellular
c. organs/one primary tissue
d. physiology/body function
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 3 BLM: Remember
2. Which of the following is a mechanistic rather than a teleological explanation of a physiological
phenomenon?
a. A person breathes to obtain oxygen.
b. A person sweats to cool off.
c. A person’s stomach secretes digestive juices because it is stimulated by the
nervous system.
d. A person’s heart beats to pump blood.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 3 BLM: Higher Order
3. When a blood capillary is cut, a clot forms under which feedback control system?
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. extrinsic control
d. feedforward
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
4. Which of the following type of tissues uses the terminology “smooth”?
a. connective tissue
b. epithelial tissue
c. glandular tissue
d. muscle tissue
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
5. Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback system?
a. body temperature regulation
b. birth of a baby
c. room temperature regulation
d. blood pH regulation
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
4
, 6. Which of the following tissues can be found on the outer layer of the skin?
a. connective tissue
b. endocrine tissue
c. epithelial tissue
d. muscle tissue
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
7. Which statement is correct for the respiratory system?
a. It eliminates unwanted substances from the body.
b. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs.
c. It plays an important role in maintaining the proper pH of the internal environment
by adjusting the rate of removal of acid-forming carbon dioxide.
d. It is responsible for taking up nutrients for the body.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Higher Order
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true for connective tissue?
a. Bone is a connective tissue.
b. Blood is a connective tissue.
c. Elastin can be found in the extracellular material of connective tissue.
d. Connective tissue forms coverings and linings of the body cavities.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
9. Which sequence represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization?
a. cell, organ, tissue, system, organism
b. cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
c. tissue, cell, system, organism, organ
d. organ, tissue, cell, organism, system
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 4 BLM: Remember
10. Which statement is correct for extracellular fluid?
a. It is the external environment of the body.
b. It is inside each cell.
c. It consists of the plasma and interstitial fluid.
d. It consists of plasma only.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 10 BLM: Remember
5
,11. Which of the following systems mainly distributes nutrients and oxygen through the body?
a. circulatory system
b. digestive system
c. endocrine system
d. integumentary system
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Remember
12. Which statement concerning negative feedback is FALSE?
a. Negative feedback exists when a change in a regulated variable triggers a response
that opposes the change.
b. Negative feedback exists when the input to a system increases the output and the
output limits its own production by inhibiting the input.
c. With negative feedback, a control system’s input and output continue to enhance
each other.
d. Most of the body’s homeostatic control mechanisms operate on the principle of
negative feedback.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
13. Which statement regarding endocrine glands is correct?
a. They consist of ducts.
b. They secrete hormones internally into the blood.
c. They are derived from connective tissue.
d. They include the salivary glands.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
14. Which of the following is/are a type of connective tissue?
a. exocrine glands
b. bone
c. blood
d. both bone and blood.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 6 BLM: Remember
6
, 15. The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most of the
body’s cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration
of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following
statements is correct?
a. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn further lowers the blood glucose concentration.
b. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn lowers the blood glucose concentration.
c. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in
turn increases the blood glucose concentration.
d. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which
further increases the blood glucose concentration.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
16. Sweating is initiated in response to a rise in body temperature that occurs on exposure to a hot
environment. Evaporation of the sweat cools the body. What kind of example is this?
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. feedforward mechanism
d. intrinsic (local) control mechanism
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
17. What are the two systems concerned with the control of body functioning by extrinsic controls?
a. nervous and respiratory
b. nervous and endocrine
c. endocrine and respiratory
d. endocrine and lymphatic
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 16 BLM: Higher Order
18. In which of the body systems is calcium mainly stored?
a. endocrine system
b. integumentary system
c. muscular system
d. skeletal system
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 12 BLM: Remember
19. Which statements regarding stem cells is correct?
a. They are well differentiated embryonic cells.
b. They may reproduce just one time.
c. Their daughter cells may differentiate into a number of different specialized cell
types.
d. They cannot be readily grown.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 10 BLM: Remember
7
