IAEM PRACTICE SOLUTION 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
▶ Risk Category C? Answer:Animal studies have shown an adverse effect
and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
OR No animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate
Most prescription medicines; antimicrobials such as clarithromycin,
fluoroquinolones, and Bactrim; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs); corticosteroids; and most antihypertensives
▶ Risk Category D? Answer:Adequate well-controlled or observational
studies in pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to the fetus.
However, the benefits of therapy may outweigh the potential risk. For
example, the drug my be acceptable if needed in a life-threatening situation
or serious disease for which safer drugs cannont be used or are
ineffective.ACE inhibitors, alcohol, alprazolam, angiotensin rececptor
blockers in the second and third trimesters, carbamazepine,
cyclophosphamide, gentamicin, lithium carbonate, methimazole, mitomycin,
nicotine, NSAIDS
▶ Risk Category X? Answer:Adequate well-controlled or observational
studies in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive
evidence of fetal abnormalities or risks. The use of the product is
contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. There is no
indication for use in pregnancy. Clomiphene, fluorouracil, isotretinoin,
leuprolide, menotropins, methotrexate, misoprostol, nafarelin, oral
contaceptivves, raloxiphene, ribavirim, statins, temazepam, testosterone,
thalidomide, and warfarin.
▶ Pharmacotherapy and the older adult? Answer:o Normal aging
processes can alter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics responses to
drugs.
o Overall, absorption of nutrients and drugs tend to slow with aging.
,o Age related increases in fat storage cause lipid soluble drugs to be stored
in the body for extended periods, leading to lower plasma levels and
increased drug concentrations in the tissues.
o Age related changes in the liver include reduced hepatic function,
decreased liver mass, diminished blood flow, and alteration in the activity of
hepatic enzymes.
o Frequency of administration should be decreased to avoid toxicity due to
drug accumulation.
o Pharmacodynamic changes are usually associated with drug receptors.
Evidence suggests that older adults have a decreased number of
receptors.
▶
▶ Pharmacology? Answer:The study of medicine.
▶ Pharmacotherapy/Pharmacotherapeutics? Answer:Application of drugs
for the purpose of disease prevention and treatment of suffering.
▶ Indications and Contraindications? Answer:The conditions for which a
drug is approved are its indications. Every drug has at least one indication.
Some drugs are used for conditions for which they have not been
approved; these are called unlabeled or off- label indications.
▶ Therapeutic classification? Answer:-Based on their usefulness in treating
a specific disease
-The key to therapeutic classification is to simply state what condition is
being treated by the particular drug.
-The prefix anti- refers to therapeutic classification.
▶ Pharmacologic Classification? Answer:-Addresses a drugs mechanism
of action or how a drug produces its effect in the body.
-More specific than therapeutic
-Requires biochemistry and pathophysiology
▶ Chemical name? Answer:-Assigned using standard nomenclature.
-A drug has only one chemical name
-Helpful in predicting a drugs physical and chemical properties.
▶ Generic name? Answer:Name assigned by the United States Adopted
Name Council.
, Less complicated and easy to remember.
▶ Trade Name? Answer:Sometimes called the proprietary product, or
brand name is assigned by the pharmaceutical company maketing the
drug.
▶ Exclusivity? Answer:Typical length of exclusivity for a new drug is 5
years.
▶ Combination drug? Answer:Drugs with more than one active generic
ingredient.
▶ Pros and Cons of Generic Drugs? Answer:Generic drugs are less
expensive than brand name drugs, by they may differ in bioavailability.
(The rate at which drug produces its effect.)
▶ The nurses responsibility for knowledge in regards to
pharmacotherapeutics...? Answer:Is what drug is ordered including name
and drug classification, intended or proposed used, effects on the body,
contraindications, special considerations (how age, weight, body fat
distribution, and pathophysiologic states affect pharmacotheraputic
response), expected and potential adverse events, why the drug was
prescribed how the drug is supplied by the pharmacy, administration of the
drug, and what considerations apply to the patient.
▶ The major goal to study pharmacology...? Answer:is to eliminate
medication errors and to limit the number and severity of adverse drug
events.
▶ To prevent medication errors RN's can? Answer:Routinely apply their
experience and knowledge of pharmacotherapeutics to clinical practice. It
is vital the nurse be prepared to cognized and respond to potential adverse
effects of the medication.
▶ Pharmacotherapy and the older adult
(pharmokinetic and pharmodynamics).? Answer:Normal aging processes
can alter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics responses to drugs.
▶ Pharmacotherapy and the older adult
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
▶ Risk Category C? Answer:Animal studies have shown an adverse effect
and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
OR No animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate
Most prescription medicines; antimicrobials such as clarithromycin,
fluoroquinolones, and Bactrim; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs); corticosteroids; and most antihypertensives
▶ Risk Category D? Answer:Adequate well-controlled or observational
studies in pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to the fetus.
However, the benefits of therapy may outweigh the potential risk. For
example, the drug my be acceptable if needed in a life-threatening situation
or serious disease for which safer drugs cannont be used or are
ineffective.ACE inhibitors, alcohol, alprazolam, angiotensin rececptor
blockers in the second and third trimesters, carbamazepine,
cyclophosphamide, gentamicin, lithium carbonate, methimazole, mitomycin,
nicotine, NSAIDS
▶ Risk Category X? Answer:Adequate well-controlled or observational
studies in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive
evidence of fetal abnormalities or risks. The use of the product is
contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. There is no
indication for use in pregnancy. Clomiphene, fluorouracil, isotretinoin,
leuprolide, menotropins, methotrexate, misoprostol, nafarelin, oral
contaceptivves, raloxiphene, ribavirim, statins, temazepam, testosterone,
thalidomide, and warfarin.
▶ Pharmacotherapy and the older adult? Answer:o Normal aging
processes can alter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics responses to
drugs.
o Overall, absorption of nutrients and drugs tend to slow with aging.
,o Age related increases in fat storage cause lipid soluble drugs to be stored
in the body for extended periods, leading to lower plasma levels and
increased drug concentrations in the tissues.
o Age related changes in the liver include reduced hepatic function,
decreased liver mass, diminished blood flow, and alteration in the activity of
hepatic enzymes.
o Frequency of administration should be decreased to avoid toxicity due to
drug accumulation.
o Pharmacodynamic changes are usually associated with drug receptors.
Evidence suggests that older adults have a decreased number of
receptors.
▶
▶ Pharmacology? Answer:The study of medicine.
▶ Pharmacotherapy/Pharmacotherapeutics? Answer:Application of drugs
for the purpose of disease prevention and treatment of suffering.
▶ Indications and Contraindications? Answer:The conditions for which a
drug is approved are its indications. Every drug has at least one indication.
Some drugs are used for conditions for which they have not been
approved; these are called unlabeled or off- label indications.
▶ Therapeutic classification? Answer:-Based on their usefulness in treating
a specific disease
-The key to therapeutic classification is to simply state what condition is
being treated by the particular drug.
-The prefix anti- refers to therapeutic classification.
▶ Pharmacologic Classification? Answer:-Addresses a drugs mechanism
of action or how a drug produces its effect in the body.
-More specific than therapeutic
-Requires biochemistry and pathophysiology
▶ Chemical name? Answer:-Assigned using standard nomenclature.
-A drug has only one chemical name
-Helpful in predicting a drugs physical and chemical properties.
▶ Generic name? Answer:Name assigned by the United States Adopted
Name Council.
, Less complicated and easy to remember.
▶ Trade Name? Answer:Sometimes called the proprietary product, or
brand name is assigned by the pharmaceutical company maketing the
drug.
▶ Exclusivity? Answer:Typical length of exclusivity for a new drug is 5
years.
▶ Combination drug? Answer:Drugs with more than one active generic
ingredient.
▶ Pros and Cons of Generic Drugs? Answer:Generic drugs are less
expensive than brand name drugs, by they may differ in bioavailability.
(The rate at which drug produces its effect.)
▶ The nurses responsibility for knowledge in regards to
pharmacotherapeutics...? Answer:Is what drug is ordered including name
and drug classification, intended or proposed used, effects on the body,
contraindications, special considerations (how age, weight, body fat
distribution, and pathophysiologic states affect pharmacotheraputic
response), expected and potential adverse events, why the drug was
prescribed how the drug is supplied by the pharmacy, administration of the
drug, and what considerations apply to the patient.
▶ The major goal to study pharmacology...? Answer:is to eliminate
medication errors and to limit the number and severity of adverse drug
events.
▶ To prevent medication errors RN's can? Answer:Routinely apply their
experience and knowledge of pharmacotherapeutics to clinical practice. It
is vital the nurse be prepared to cognized and respond to potential adverse
effects of the medication.
▶ Pharmacotherapy and the older adult
(pharmokinetic and pharmodynamics).? Answer:Normal aging processes
can alter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics responses to drugs.
▶ Pharmacotherapy and the older adult
