,
, Test Bank n%
to accompany
n%
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition n% n% n%
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior
n % n% n % n % n % n %
Multiple Choice Questions n% n%
1. “If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish thro
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
a ts, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.” This statement
n% n % n% n% n % n % n% n% n% n% n %
a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolutio
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
n of adaptations by natural selection.
n% n% n% n% n%
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that liv
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
e to reproduce than females with reddish throats.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best fo
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
r the long-term preservation of this species.
n % n% n% n% n% n%
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish fem
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
al es outnumber orangish females in this species.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
Answer: b n%
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
n% n % n % n % n % n% n% n % n% n % n % n%
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding n% n% n%
2. The statement “Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because t
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
h ey inherited this ability from a lemming-
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
like ancestor in the past” is a hypothesis about
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
a. evolved function. n%
b. genetics and development. n% n%
c. evolutionary history. n%
d. adaptive value. n%
Answer: c
n% n%
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
p rovide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evoluti
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
on ary history of a behavior.
n% n% n% n% n%
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding n% n% n%
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproductio
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
n- enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
a. can be proven. n% n%
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
d. is a basic principle that can be applied widel
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
y. Answer: b
n% n%
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypo
n% n % n % n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
these s and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitnes
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
s costs and benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
n% 5n % n% n% n% n % n% n% n% n% n% n %
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding n% n% n%
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population m
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
u st contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. n% n% n% n% n%
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attribute
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
s to their offspring.
n% n% n%
Answer: d n%
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change th
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
ro ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
n% n % n % n % n % n% n% n % n% n % n % n%
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding n% n% n%
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can ru
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
n. We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
sel ective breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the l
n % n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
izards has not changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on th
n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n %
is work?
n %
a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
h as remained unchanged.
n% n% n%
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
h as increased.
n% n%
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
n ot caused by genetic differences among them.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in run
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
ni ng speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
Answer: c n%
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change th
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
ro ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
n% n % n % n % n % n% n% n % n% n % n % n%
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying n% n% n%
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
H ere are two questions about this observation:
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n %
survive?
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its bab
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
ies in this way?
n % n% n%
Which of the two is a proximate question?
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n
t he animal
% n% n%
, Test Bank n%
to accompany
n%
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition n% n% n%
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior
n % n% n % n % n % n %
Multiple Choice Questions n% n%
1. “If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish thro
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
a ts, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.” This statement
n% n % n% n% n % n % n% n% n% n% n %
a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolutio
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
n of adaptations by natural selection.
n% n% n% n% n%
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that liv
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
e to reproduce than females with reddish throats.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best fo
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
r the long-term preservation of this species.
n % n% n% n% n% n%
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish fem
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
al es outnumber orangish females in this species.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
Answer: b n%
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
n% n % n % n % n % n% n% n % n% n % n % n%
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding n% n% n%
2. The statement “Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because t
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
h ey inherited this ability from a lemming-
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
like ancestor in the past” is a hypothesis about
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
a. evolved function. n%
b. genetics and development. n% n%
c. evolutionary history. n%
d. adaptive value. n%
Answer: c
n% n%
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
p rovide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evoluti
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
on ary history of a behavior.
n% n% n% n% n%
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding n% n% n%
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproductio
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
n- enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
a. can be proven. n% n%
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
d. is a basic principle that can be applied widel
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
y. Answer: b
n% n%
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypo
n% n % n % n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
these s and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitnes
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
s costs and benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
n% 5n % n% n% n% n % n% n% n% n% n% n %
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding n% n% n%
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population m
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
u st contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. n% n% n% n% n%
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attribute
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
s to their offspring.
n% n% n%
Answer: d n%
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change th
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
ro ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
n% n % n % n % n % n% n% n % n% n % n % n%
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding n% n% n%
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can ru
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
n. We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
sel ective breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the l
n % n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
izards has not changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on th
n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n %
is work?
n %
a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
h as remained unchanged.
n% n% n%
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
h as increased.
n% n%
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
n ot caused by genetic differences among them.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in run
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
ni ng speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
Answer: c n%
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change th
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
ro ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene’s eye view.
n% n % n % n % n % n% n% n % n% n % n % n%
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying n% n% n%
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched.
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
H ere are two questions about this observation:
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n %
survive?
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its bab
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
ies in this way?
n % n% n%
Which of the two is a proximate question?
n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n%
b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of
n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n% n
t he animal
% n% n%
